AbstractModular syntheses of functionalised, alkoxy‐tethered 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolium (IMes⋅H+) and 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium (IPr⋅H+) derivatives 1,3‐bis(4‐alkyloxy‐2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolium (IXyOR⋅H+) and 1,3‐bis(4‐alkyloxy‐2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium (IPrOR⋅H+) are reported. A reliable synthesis of the key starting material 4‐amino‐3,5‐diisopropylphenol is also described. Etherification of hydroxy‐decorated ligand intermediates before formation of the imidazolium core and subsequent modification, or direct etherification of the versatile synthon IPrOH⋅HCl, allowed access to various linker types including triethoxysilyl, primary amino and norbornenyl, which are not accessible by other methods. An IPrOR–palladium(II) complex was prepared, and its catalytic activity was evaluated in challenging Buchwald–Hartwig aminations of aryl chlorides. This precatalyst displayed excellent activity and selectivity under mild reaction conditions, achieving in some cases a 10‐fold improvement in TOF relative to the IPr‐based version. An unexpected activity profile was observed wherein sterically demanding anilines were coupled more easily than those lacking ortho‐substitution.magnified image
AbstractModular syntheses of functionalised, alkoxy‐tethered 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolium (IMes⋅H+) and 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium (IPr⋅H+) derivatives 1,3‐bis(4‐alkyloxy‐2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolium (IXyOR⋅H+) and 1,3‐bis(4‐alkyloxy‐2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium (IPrOR⋅H+) are reported. A reliable synthesis of the key starting material 4‐amino‐3,5‐diisopropylphenol is also described. Etherification of hydroxy‐decorated ligand intermediates before formation of the imidazolium core and subsequent modification, or direct etherification of the versatile synthon IPrOH⋅HCl, allowed access to various linker types including triethoxysilyl, primary amino and norbornenyl, which are not accessible by other methods. An IPrOR–palladium(II) complex was prepared, and its catalytic activity was evaluated in challenging Buchwald–Hartwig aminations of aryl chlorides. This precatalyst displayed excellent activity and selectivity under mild reaction conditions, achieving in some cases a 10‐fold improvement in TOF relative to the IPr‐based version. An unexpected activity profile was observed wherein sterically demanding anilines were coupled more easily than those lacking ortho‐substitution.magnified image
Cooperative NHC‐based Catalytic System Immobilised onto Carbon Materials for the Cycloaddition of CO
<sub>2</sub>
to Epoxides
作者:Myriam Y. Souleymanou、Fatima El‐Ouahabi、Anna M. Masdeu‐Bultó、Cyril Godard
DOI:10.1002/cctc.202001816
日期:2021.4.9
as organocatalysts in the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. The best performing organocatalyst was then non‐covalently immobilisedontocarbonmaterials (carbon nanotubes (CNTs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon beads (CBs)) via π‐π stacking interactions and their activity and recoverability in the cycloaddition reaction were studied. The heterogenised catalyst onto reduced graphene oxide (4 a@rGO)