MWW family of different structural types (MCM-22, MCM-49, MCM-56 and MCM-36) was used as catalysts for aldol condensation of furfural and acetone studied in a batch reactor at 100 °C, autogenous pressure and a reaction time of 0–4 h. To establish a relation between physico-chemical and catalytic properties of microporous materials, the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption, FTIR and TGA. It was found that the acidic solids possessed appreciable activity in the reaction and resulted in the formation of products of aldehyde–ketone interaction. Surprisingly, MCM-22 and MCM-49, i.e. three-dimensional materials containing internal supercages, exhibited higher activity than two MCM-36 catalysts with two-dimensional character having larger accessible external surface area due to expansion of the interlayer space by swelling and pillaring treatments. Moreover, all MWW family catalysts gave higher conversion than the large-pore zeolite BEA. Nevertheless, furfural conversion decreased rapidly for all the studied materials due to coke formation. Unexpectedly, the deactivation was found to be more severe for MCM-36 catalysts than for MCM-22 and MCM-49, which was attributed to the reaction taking place also in supercages that are protected by 10-ring channels from severe coking. In contrast the cups located on the external surface were coked rapidly.
不同结构类型的 MWW 系列(MCM-22、MC
M-49、MCM-56 和 MCM-36)被用作
糠醛和
丙酮羟醛缩合的催化剂,在间歇式反应器中在 100 °C、自生压力和反应时间下进行研究0-4小时。为了建立微孔材料的物理
化学和催化性能之间的关系,通过 XRD、
SEM、N2 吸附、FTIR 和 TGA 对样品进行了表征。研究发现,酸性固体在反应中具有明显的活性,并导致醛酮相互作用产物的形成。令人惊讶的是,MCM-22和MC
M-49(即含有内部超笼的三维材料)表现出比两种具有二维特征的MCM-36催化剂更高的活性,由于膨胀和柱化导致层间空间扩张,因此具有更大的可及外表面积治疗。此外,所有 MWW 系列催化剂的转化率均高于大孔
沸石 BEA。然而,由于焦
炭的形成,所有研究材料的
糠醛转化率迅速下降。出乎意料的是,MCM-36 催化剂的失活比 MCM-22 和 MC
M-49 更严重,这是因为反应也在受 10 环通道保护的超级笼中发生,以免发生严重结焦。相反,位于外表面的杯子迅速焦化。