Synthesis and Applications of Tetrahydrofuran-Stable Substituted (3-Lithioxyalkyl)- and (4-Lithioxyalkyl)lithiums, Modified with Magnesium 2-Ethoxyethoxide
摘要:
Substituted hydroxyalkyl phenyl sulfides 3 have been synthesized from the corresponding allylic or homoallylic alcohols 2. Regiospecific cleavage of the C-SPh bond of the sulfides 3 by lithium dispersion in tetrahydrofuran (THF) led to the synthesis of substituted (3-lithioxyalkyl)- and (4-lithioxyalkyl)lithiums 4, most of which share the omega carbon with a carbocyclic ring. The organolithiums were modified with magnesium 2-ethoxyethoxide in order to suppress their reactivity toward THF cleavage, thus offering the advantage of preparing storable ethereal solutions of certain types of (lithioxyalkyl)lithiums. This strategy appears to be of rather broad scope. The functionalized organolithiums prepared in this way react normally with electrophilic reagents with yields in the range 35-55%. Thus, carboxylations of 4 yielded lactones 5, some of which are natural products, while reactions of 4 with benzophenone and cyclic ketones yielded 1,4- and 1,5-diols 6 and 7, respectively.
A Mechanochemical Zinc-Mediated Barbier-Type Allylation Reaction under Ball-Milling Conditions
作者:JieXiang Yin、Roderick T. Stark、Ian A. Fallis、Duncan L. Browne
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.9b02876
日期:2020.2.21
A ball-milling-enabled zinc-mediatedBarbier-typeallylation reaction is reported. Notably, running the reaction in this manner renders it effective irrespective of the initial morphology of the zinc metal. The process is operationally simple, does not require inert atmospheres or dry solvents, and is reported over a range of aldehyde and ketone substrates; a gram-scale process is demonstrated.
of α‐methylene‐γ‐lactones through the palladium(II)‐catalyzed lactonization of homoallylic alcohols with alkynamides has been reported. The hydroxyl group in the terminal olefins cooperates with the amide in alkynamides to promote the cyclization by suppressing the β‐H elimination. This process provides a route to construct naturally occurring biologically multifunctional α‐methylene‐γ‐lactones.
Allyliodide reacts in situ with cerium amalgam to generate allyl cerium iodide, which in turn reacts with ketones to yield homoallylic alcohols in good yields.
Organocatalytic Trapping of Elusive Carbon Dioxide Based Heterocycles by a Kinetically Controlled Cascade Process
作者:Chang Qiao、Alba Villar‐Yanez、Josefine Sprachmann、Bart Limburg、Carles Bo、Arjan W. Kleij
DOI:10.1002/anie.202007350
日期:2020.10.12
A conceptually novel approach is described for the synthesis of six‐membered cyclic carbonates derived from carbon dioxide. The approach utilizes homoallylic precursors that are converted into five‐membered cyclic carbonates having a β‐positioned alcohol group in one of the ring substituents. The activation of the pendent alcohol group through an N‐heterocyclic base allows equilibration towards a thermodynamically
Synthesis of conjugated γ- and δ-lactones from aldehydes and ketones via a vinylation(allylation)-ring closing metathesis–oxidation sequence
作者:J.Alberto Marco、Miguel Carda、Santiago Rodrı́guez、Encarnación Castillo、Marı́a N. Kneeteman
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00584-2
日期:2003.6
aldehydes and ketones followed by O-allylation of the obtained carbinols gave the corresponding allyl or homoallyl ethers, respectively. Ring-closing metathesis of these compounds afforded in many cases cyclic ethers (dihydrofurans and dihydropyrans, respectively) bearing disubstituted and trisubstituted CC bonds. These were then subjected to allylic oxidation to yield conjugated γ- and δ-lactones. Reasons