Tributyl phosphate (TBP) is a toxic organophosphorous compound widely used in many industrial applications, including significant usage in nuclear processing. The industrial application of this chemical is responsible for occupational exposure and environmental pollution. In this study, (1)H NMR-based metabonomics has been applied to investigate the metabolic response to TBP exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a TBP-dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, followed by 24hr urine collection, as was previously demonstrated for finding most of the intermediates of TBP. High-resolution (1)H NMR spectroscopy of urine samples in conjunction with statistical pattern recognition and compound identification allowed for the metabolic changes associated with TBP treatment to be identified. Discerning NMR spectral regions corresponding to three TBP metabolites, dibutyl phosphate (DBP), N-acetyl-(S-3-hydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-(S-3-oxobutyl)-L-cysteine, were identified in TBP-treated rats. In addition, the (1)H NMR spectra revealed TBP-induced variations of endogenous urinary metabolites including benzoate, urea, and trigonelline along with metabolites involved in the Krebs cycle including citrate, cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, and fumarate. These findings indicate that TBP induces a disturbance to the Krebs cycle energy metabolism and provides a biomarker signature of TBP exposure. ... /The/ three metabolites of TBP, dibutylphosphate, N-acetyl-(S-3-hydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-(S-3-oxobutyl)-L-cysteine, which are not present in the control groups, are the most important factors in separating the TBP and control groups (p<0.0023), while the endogenous compounds 2-oxoglutarate, benzoate, fumarate, trigonelline, and cis-aconetate were also important (p<0.01).
The metabolic transformation of tributyl phosphate has been studied in male rats following oral or intraperitoneal administration of (14)C-labelled tributyl phosphate. The first stage in the metabolic process appeared to be oxidation, catalysed by cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase, at the omega or omega-1 position on the butyl chains. The hydroxy groups generated at the w and w-1 positions were further oxidized to produce carboxylic acids and ketones, respectively. Following these oxidations, the oxidized alkyl moieties were removed as glutathione conjugates, which were then excreted as N-acetyl cysteine derivatives. ... In the urine, the major phosphorus-containing metabolites are dibutyl hydrogen phosphate, butyl dihydrogen phosphate, and butyl bis(3-hydroxybutyl) phosphate as well as small amounts of the following phosphates: dibutyl 3-hydroxy-butyl, butyl 2-hydroxybutyl hydrogen, butyl 3-hydroxybutyl hydrogen, butyl 3-carboxypropyl hydrogen, 3-carboxypropyl dibutyl, butyl 3-carboxypropyl 3-hydroxybutyl, butyl bis (3-carboxypropyl), and 3-hydroxybutyl dihydrogen.
A single ip dose of tributyl phosphate at 250 mg/kg to rats resulted in 11 phosphorus containing metabolites in the urine within 24 hr. The principal metabolic pathway resulted in stepwise debutylation, through hydroxylated intermediates, to give dibutyl hydrogen phosphate and butyl dihydrogen phosphate . Rat liver microsomal preparations also metabolized tributyl phosphate to mono- and dihydroxylated intermediates, giving dibutyl hydrogen phosphate as the terminal metabolite. Microsomal preparations from goldfish liver and killfish also resulted in dibutyl 3-hydroxybutyl phospate and dibutyl hydrogen phosphate.
The rate of metabolism of tributyl phosphate and the nature of the metabolites produced were determined in in vitro tests on rat liver homogenate. It was found that rat liver microsomal enzymes rapidly metabolized tributyl phosphate in the presence of NADPH (within 30 min), but only slight metabolic breakdown (11%) occurred in the absence of added NADPH. Dibutyl(3-hydroxybutyl) phosphate was obtained as a metabolite in the first stage of the test. The extended incubation time in the second stage of the test yielded two further metabolites, butyl di(3-hydroxybutyl) phosphate and dibutyl hydrogen phosphate, which were produced from the primary metabolite dibutyl(3-hydroxybutyl) phosphate.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Tributyl phosphate is a colorless to pale-yellow odorless liquid. It is used as a plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics, and vinyl resins. Used in fire-resistant aircraft hydraulic fluids. Other uses include heat-exchange medium, solvent extraction of metal ions from solution of reactor products, solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, pigment grinding assistant, antifoaming agent, dielectric. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Breathing vapors of tributyl phosphate causes irritation of mucous membranes and if inhalation is prolonged there can be general poisoning with paralysis. In contact with skin tributyl phosphate can cause irritation. Tributyl phosphate may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. It may also cause nausea and headache. In a series of 42 patients with furniture related dermatitis, a positive patch test reaction was seen in 1 patient. In vitro it acts as androgen receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. ANIMAL STUDIES: Tributyl phosphate was not acutely toxic by dermal exposure in the rabbit and in the guinea pig. Application to either intact or abraded skin of rabbits and guinea pigs produced irritation with edema and erythema. The instillation of tributyl phosphate in the conjunctival sac of rabbits gave rise to mild irritation. Rats subjected to multiple intragastric administrations of tributyl phosphate showed hyperemia of internal organs and brain. Tributyl phosphate was not neurotoxic to rats, but induced paralysis in mice. Tributyl phosphate did not cause organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in the adult hen. Tributyl phosphate produced tumors of the bladder urothelium in rats at high doses, with greater effects in males than in females. It does not produce tumors in mice. The chemical was not teratogenic in rats. In the rabbit, maternal and embryo toxicity were suggested at 400 mg/kg/day with no observations of fetotoxicity or teratogenicity in any dosage group. No mutagenic activity was identified after treatment with tributyl phosphate: when tested in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) mutation assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, both with and without metabolic activation and when testing in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537 with or without metabolic activations. Tributyl phosphate did not induce chromosomal damage in rat bone marrow cells. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Rainbow trout treated with tributyl phosphate had severe balance disturbances, which included highly atypical movements like darting, coiling swimming, and backward somersaults. At higher concentrations the fish were immobilized, lying on their sides at the bottom of the water, and some of them died.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其蒸汽、通过皮肤接触以及摄入进入人体。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
暴露途径
吸入,吞食,皮肤和/或眼睛接触
inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
毒理性
吸入症状
咳嗽。头痛。恶心。喉咙痛。
Cough. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
吸收、分配和排泄
三辛基磷酸盐在猪身上的皮肤吸收已经被证实,有毛腺和无毛腺区域的皮肤渗透率之间几乎没有差异。
Dermal absorption of tributyl phosphate has been demonstrated in pigs, and there was little difference in the rate of skin penetration between regions with or without hair follicles.
Rats given a single oral dose of (14)C labeled tributyl phosphate at 14 mg/kg excreted 50, 10, and 6% of the administered dose in the urine, exhaled air, and feces, respectively, within 24 hr. A single intraperitoneal dose at the same rate resulted in 70, 7, and 4% of the administered dose in the urine, exhaled air, and feces within the first 24 hr.
In vitro investigations on isolated human skin showed that tributyl phosphate has a high penetrating capacity. The average maximum steady-state rate of penetration through isolated human skin is 6.7X10-4 umol/cm sq/min.
Substantial absorption from the gastrointestinal tract occurred in rats given a single oral dose of tributyl phosphate (TBP) ... more than 50% of an orally administered dose of TBP was absorbed within 24 hr.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在大鼠口服单次或重复剂量后,检测到磷酸三丁酯存在于消化道、血液和肝脏中。
Following single or repeated oral dosing in rats, tributyl phosphate was detected in the gastrointestinal tract, blood, and liver.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) is one of the most well-known fundamental reactions in organic chemistry to generate new molecules from two molecules. In principle, a nucleophile attacks from the back side of an alkylatingagent having a suitable leaving group, most commonly a halide. However, alkyl halides are expensive, very harmful, toxic and not so stable, which makes them problematic
The present invention provides an improved process for producing 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene. By using a first reactive distillation column for HCC-250fb dehydrochlorination, and a second reactive distillation column for HCC-240db dehydrochlorination/HCC-1230xf isomerization, the 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene manufacturing process can be greatly simplified, resulting in reduced equipment use, energy use, as well as increased productivity.
SULFONIUM COMPOUND, PHOTO-ACID GENERATOR, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
申请人:JOO Hyun Sang
公开号:US20120172606A1
公开(公告)日:2012-07-05
A sulfonium compound represented by formula (1), a photo-acid generator, and a method for producing a sulfonium compound are provided:
wherein X represents an electron-donating group; R
1
and R
2
each represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or the like; R
3
and R
4
each represent an arylene group or a heteroarylene group; R
5
and R
6
each represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or the like; and A
−
and B
−
are anions that are different from each other. The sulfonium compound, when used as a photo-acid generator, can produce a uniform and excellent resist pattern.
Volatile complexes of some lanthanides and related elements with fluorinated β-diketones and organophosphorus adducts
作者:James W. Mitchell、Charles V. Banks
DOI:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)95130-x
日期:1971.12
Abstract The behavior of lanthanide trifluoroacetylacetonates and hexaf luoroacetyl-acetonates of mixed complexes with tri- n -butylphosphate as the adduct has been studied by thermogravimetric methods. Thermal properties of mixed ligand-adduct complexes containing new fluoroorganophosphorus donors have also been examined. Substantial improvements in volatility and thermal stability of chelates of
[EN] HEMI-AMINAL ETHERS AND THIOETHERS OF N-ALKENYL CYCLIC COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] ÉTHERS ET THIOÉTHERS HÉMIAMINAUX DE COMPOSÉS CYCLIQUES N-ALCÉNYLIQUES
申请人:ISP INVESTMENTS INC
公开号:WO2014116560A1
公开(公告)日:2014-07-31
Described herein are hemi-aminal ethers and thioethers of N-alkenyl cyclic compounds that may be produced through a reaction comprising: (A) at least one first reactant represented by a structure (I), wherein X is a functionalized or unfunctionalized C1-C5 alkylene group optionally having one or more heteroatoms, and each R1, R2, and R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and functionalized and unfunctionalized alkyl groups optionally having one or more heteroatoms, and (B) at least one second reactant having at least one hydroxyl moiety or thiol moiety. The hemi-aminal ethers and thioethers of N-alkenyl cyclic compounds may comprise a polymerizable moiety, in which case they may be left as-is or used to create homopolymers or non-homopolymers, or they may not comprise a polymerizable moiety. A wide variety of formulations may be created using the hemi-aminal ethers and thioethers of N-alkenyl cyclic compounds, including personal care, oilfield, and construction formulations.