已针对一系列具有不同电子和空间需求的取代己烯基确定了速率常数数据和Arrhenius参数。相对于捐赠基团(OMe ),直接连接至自由基中心的吸电子基团(CF 3,CO 2 Et)缓慢促进5- exo闭环(25°时k cis + k trans〜2.1 ×10 5 s -1) ;在25°时为1.6×10 5 s -1)。如预期的那样,对空间要求较高的组(叔-Bu )减慢环化过程(1×10 5 s -1)。这些观察结果与5 - exo闭环的活化能的细微变化是一致的。有趣的是,溶剂的性质似乎对该化学有重大影响,随着溶剂极性的增加,顺式/反式立体选择性有时会提高。除了包含CF 3(吸电子)基团的系统显示出环化/捕获速率常数(k c / k H)增加外,k c / k H普遍下降。记录随着溶剂极性增加的比率;据推测,这些变化主要是由于所用各种溶剂中k H的变化引起的。
enantioselective Negishi cross‐coupling reaction, and the first arylation of α‐halo esters with arylzinc halides, are disclosed. Employing a cobalt‐bisoxazoline catalyst, various α‐arylalkanoic esters were synthesized in excellent enantioselectivities and yields (up to 97 % ee and 98 % yield). A diverse range of functional groups, including ether, halide, thioether, silyl, amine, ester, acetal, amide, olefin
cobalt-bisoxazoline catalyst and afforded various α-alkyl-β,γ-unsaturated esters with excellent enantioselectivities and moderate to good yields (≤95% ee and ≤82% yields). The formal synthesis of the Californiaredscalepheromone using this method was investigated, and radical clock experiments were performed.