Optimization and structure–activity relationships of a series of potent inhibitors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pyruvate kinase as novel antimicrobial agents
摘要:
A novel series of hydrazones were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pyruvate kinase (PK). PK has been identified as one of the most highly connected 'hub proteins' in MRSA. PK has been shown to be critical for bacterial survival which makes it a potential target for development of novel antibiotics and the high degree of connectivity implies it should be very sensitive to mutations and thus less able to develop resistance. PK is not unique to bacteria and thus a critical requirement for such a PK inhibitor would be that it does not inhibit the homologous human enzyme(s) at therapeutic concentrations. Several MRSA PK inhibitors (including 8d) were identified using in silico screening combined with enzyme assays and were found to be selective for bacterial enzyme compared to four human PK isoforms (M1, M2, R and L). However these lead compounds did not show significant inhibitory activity for MRSA growth presumably due to poor bacterial cell penetration. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were carried out on 8d and led us to discover more potent compounds with enzyme inhibiting activities in the low nanomolar range and some were found to effectively inhibit bacteria growth in culture with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as low as 1 mu g/mL. These inhibitors bind in two elongated flat clefts found at the minor interfaces in the homo-tetrameric enzyme complex and the observed SAR is in keeping with the size and electronic constraints of these binding sites. Access to the corresponding sites in the human enzyme is blocked. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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‐Difluoroallylation of Aryl Halides and Pseudo Halides with Difluoroallylboron Reagents in High Regioselectivity
作者:Shu Sakamoto、Trevor W. Butcher、Jonathan L. Yang、John F. Hartwig
DOI:10.1002/anie.202111476
日期:2021.12
coupling of a difluoroallylboronate with aryl and heteroaryl halides and triflates provides a convenient and broadly applicable synthesis of difluoroallylarenes. The difluoroallyl boron reagent is formed by a copper-catalyzed defluorinative borylation of the inexpensive reagent 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, and the products undergo a wide range of reactions to a series of difluoro-substituted analogs of common
申请人:Board of Regents, The University of Texas System
公开号:US10385080B2
公开(公告)日:2019-08-20
The present disclosure provides compounds that are useful for inhibiting the STAT6 pathway. Also provided are related pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using the compounds. In some embodiments, the compounds may be used to treat a disease such as, e.g., an allergic lung disease, allergic rhinitis, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, or a cancer.
申请人:Board of Regents, The University of Texas System
公开号:US20180222931A1
公开(公告)日:2018-08-09
The present disclosure provides compounds that are useful for inhibiting the STAT6 pathway. Also provided are related pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using the compounds. In some embodiments, the compounds may be used to treat a disease such as, e.g., an allergic lung disease, allergic rhinitis, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, or a cancer.