N^α-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-D-valleucine HCl | 78981-67-6

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: N^α-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-D-valleucine HCl
• 英文别名: D-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylvalyl)-L-leucine methyl ester；Boc-D-Val-Leu-OMe；methyl (2S)-4-methyl-2-[[(2R)-3-methyl-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]butanoyl]amino]pentanoate
• CAS: 78981-67-6
• 化学式: C₁₇H₃₂N₂O₅
• 分子量: 344.451
• InChiKey: AMGKKQKROQPZTA-QWHCGFSZSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  466.9±25.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.036±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.3
• 重原子数：
  24
• 可旋转键数：
  10
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.82
• 拓扑面积：
  93.7
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  5

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  N^α-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-D-valleucine HCl 在 N-甲基吗啉 、 sodium hydroxide 、 氯甲酸异丁酯 作用下， 以 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 、 丙酮 为溶剂， 反应 5.5h， 生成 N-[Nα-(tert-buthoxycarbonyl)-D-valylleucyl-Nε-(tert-buthoxycarbonyl)lysyl]-N',N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-phenylenediamine
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Plasmin-activated prodrugs for cancer chemotherapy. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of peptidylacivicin and peptidylphenylenediamine mustard

  摘要：

  Many tumors contain elevated levels of plasminogen activator and thus produce elevated levels of the protease plasmin in the milieu of the tumor. We have hypothesized, therefore, that it should be possible to prepare peptidyl prodrug derivatives of anticancer drugs that would be locally activated by tumor-associated plasmin. As an initial test of this hypothesis, we synthesized the peptidyl prodrugs of the anticancer drugs (alpha S, 5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (acivicin, AT-125) and N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-phenylenediamine (phenylenediamine mustard) by mixed anhydride coupling of the parent drug with the protected tripeptide, Boc-D-Val-Leu-Lys(Boc)-OH, followed by deprotection with trifluoroacetic acid. The prodrugs showed an increased selective in vitro cytotoxicity for Rous sarcoma virus transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts (which produce elevated levels of plasminogen activator) compared to nontransformed fibroblasts (which produce low levels of plasminogen activator). In the presence of the plasmin inhibitor, p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate at 2 micrograms/mL, the selectivity of the phenylenediamine mustard prodrug was reduced, but there was no effect on the cytotoxicity of the free drug. Furthermore, the prodrug analogue D-valylleucyl-D-lysylphenylenediamine mustard (in which L-Lys has been replaced by D-Lys) was inactive. Finally, the prodrug derivative of acivicin did not display selective toxicity for transformed cells when the cells were cultured in plasminogen-free medium. These results suggest that plasmin hydrolysis is necessary for the activation of the prodrugs. The prodrugs were tested in vivo for antitumor activity. The prodrug of acivicin, like acivicin itself, was inactive against the B16 melanoma, a murine tumor that produces high levels of plasminogen activator. This prodrug was active against the M5076 carcinoma, a tumor that displays only moderate levels of plasminogen activator; however, despite the fact that the prodrug was 2- to 3-fold less toxic on a molar basis than acivicin, there was no evidence of an increased therapeutic index. The prodrug of phenylenediamine mustard was also slightly less toxic than the parent drug, but again there was no evidence for an improved therapeutic index against the B16 tumor.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm00359a003
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  Boc-D-缬氨酸 、 L-亮氨酸甲酯盐酸盐 在 三乙胺 、 N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺 作用下， 以 氯仿 为溶剂， 以60.9%的产率得到N^α-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-D-valleucine HCl
  参考文献：
  名称：

  天冬氨酰三肽酯的构味关系

  摘要：

  已经合成了与甜肽的结构特征相关的一系列 24 种 L-α-Asp-Gly-Gly-OMe 类似物。二肽的结构-味道关系的规则在于甜天冬氨酰三肽酯。为了使天冬氨酰三肽酯具有甜味，第二个氨基酸必须具有 D 构型，并且在 R2 处有一个小的、紧凑的烷基（Me、Et 或 i-Pr）。强烈的甜味需要第三个氨基酸的 L 构型。已经得出结论，R2 处的小烷基通过疏水相互作用参与与受体的结合并增加甜味效力。

  DOI：

  10.1246/bcsj.57.3197

文献信息

• An Approach Towards More Selective Anticancer Agents
  作者：G. Eisenbrand、S. Lauck-Birkel、W. C. Tang

  DOI：10.1055/s-1996-4368

  日期：1996.10

  A promising approach towards better targeted anticancer drug therapy takes advantage of enhanced expression of proteases associated with human malignancies. Especially plasminogen activator activity has been found to be substantially increased, leading to an enhanced activity of the serine protease plasmin. Bifunctional alkylating agents, such as N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosoureas, display broad spectrum anticancer activity, but also exhibit considerable systemic toxicity. We describe here the synthesis of new N-nitrosourea-based prodrugs designed to become activated by tumor-associated proteases, to provide for enhanced antitumor activity and reduced systemic toxicity. Tripeptides representing substrates for plasmin were linked by an amide bond to N’-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea and the corresponding N’-methyl derivative. Synthesis and plasmin-triggered decomposition of these new tripeptide conjugates is described. Cancer cells expressing high plasminogen activator activity are highly sensitive to the new prodrugs in the presence of plasminogen, but not in its absence.

  一种有前景的方法是利用与人类恶性肿瘤相关的蛋白酶增强表达来更好地靶向抗癌药物治疗。特别是，已经发现纤溶酶原激活剂的活性显著提高，导致丝氨酸蛋白酶纤溶酶的活性增加。双功能烷基化剂，如N-(2-氯乙基)-N-亚硝基脲，显示出广泛的抗癌活性，但也表现出相当大的全身毒性。我们在这里描述了一种新型N-亚硝基脲类前药的合成，这些前药设计为通过肿瘤相关的蛋白酶激活，以提供增强的抗肿瘤活性和减少的全身毒性。代表纤溶酶底物的三肽通过酰胺键连接到N’-(2-氨基乙基)-N-(2-氯乙基)-N-亚硝基脲及相应的N’-甲基衍生物。我们描述了这些新三肽结合物的合成和纤溶酶触发的分解。表达高纤溶酶原激活剂活性的癌细胞在纤溶酶原存在的情况下对新前药高度敏感，但在缺乏的情况下则不然。
• Divergent Stereoselectivity in Phosphothreonine (pThr)-Catalyzed Reductive Aminations of 3-Amidocyclohexanones
  作者：Christopher R. Shugrue、Aaron L. Featherston、Rachel M. Lackner、Angela Lin、Scott J. Miller

  DOI：10.1021/acs.joc.8b00207

  日期：2018.4.20

  Phosphothreonine (pThr)-embedded peptide catalysts are found to mediate the reductive amination of 3-amidocyclohexanones with divergent selectivity. The choice of peptide sequence can be used to alter the diastereoselectivity to favor either the cis-product or trans-product, which are obtained in up to 93:7 er. NMR studies and DFT calculations are reported and indicate that both pathways rely on secondary interactions between substrate and catalyst to achieve selectivity. Furthermore, catalysts appear to accomplish a parallel kinetic resolution of the substrates. The facility for phosphopeptides to tune reactivity and access multiple products in reductive aminations may translate to the diversification of complex substrates, such as natural products, at numerous reactive sites.