Inductive charge dispersal in the solvolysis of 3-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1] pentyl bromides
作者:Cyril A. Grob、Cheng Xi Yang、Ernest W. Della、Dennis K. Taylor
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79433-0
日期:1991.10
Solvolysis rates and products of 3-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl bromides indicate extremely strong inductive charge dispersal in the ionization to bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl-1-cations, the precursors of 3-methylenecyclobutanols.
Bridgehead Carbocations: A Solvolytic Study of 1-Bromobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane and Its Bridgehead-Substituted Derivatives
作者:Ernest W. Della、Cyril A. Grob、Dennis K. Taylor
DOI:10.1021/ja00093a014
日期:1994.7
The rate constants (k) for solvolysis of a range of 3-X-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl bromides in 80% aqueous ethanol have been measured and a linear relationship found to exist between log k and the inductive/field constant sigma(I). These observations, together with the results of isotope and solvent effect studies described below, have been interpreted as evidence for the formation of 1-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl cations in the ionization step in preference to mechanisms in which either ring-opening is concerted with ionization to give 3-methylenecyclobutyl cations or ionization is accompanied by ring-contraction to give bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl-1-carbinyl cations. The latter mechanisms would have been expected to show the effects of strong pi-donor substituent participation, a phenomenon which was not observed. A comparison of the rates of solvolysis of the parent bromide and its 3-deuterated analog is characterized by a large deuterium-isotope effect (k(H)/k(D) = 1.30) which, combined with the observation that 1-bromobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane solvolyses with enhanced rates in solvents which are strong hydrogen bonding accepters, lends support to the view that the 1-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl cation derives substantial stabilization from sigma-hyperconjugative interactions.
APPLEQUIST, D. E.;RENKEN, T. L.;WHEELER, J. W., J. ORG. CHEM., 1982, 47, N 25, 4985-4995