Papaverine hydrochloride is ... excreted in the urine, chiefly as glucuronide, conjugates of phenolic metabolites.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
药物在肝脏中代谢,并主要通过尿液以代谢物的形式排出,少于1%的盐酸罂粟碱以原形排出。
The drug is metabolized in the liver and is excreted mainly in the urine, primarily as metabolites. Less than 1% of /papaverine hydrochloride/ is excreted unchanged.
参考文献:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物标签用于研究药物诱导的肝损伤,《药物发现今日》,16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank:按人类发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。《药物发现今日》2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
Papaverine is effective by all routes of administration. A considerable fraction of the drug localizes in fat deposits and in the liver, with the remainder being distributed throughout the body. It is metabolized in the liver. About 90% of the drug is bound to plasma protein. Although estimates of its biologic half-life vary widely, reasonably constant plasma levels can be maintained with oral administration at 6 hour intervals. The drug is excreted in the urine in an inactive form.
... In vitro autoradiography studies of rat and monkey brain sections revealed selective binding of (11)C-papaverine to PDE10A enriched regions: the striatum of rat brain and the caudate and putamen of rhesus monkey brain. The biodistribution of (11)C-papaverine in rats at 5 min demonstrated an initially higher accumulation in striatum than in other brain regions, however the washout was rapid. MicroPET imaging studies in rhesus macaques similarly displayed initial specific uptake in the striatum with very rapid clearance of (11)C-papaverine from brain. ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
吸收:缓慢释放进入静脉循环;几乎没有,如果有的话,全身性作用。/罂粟碱,海绵体内/
Absorption: Slowly released into venous circulation; minimal, if any, systemic effects. /Papaverine, intracavernosal/
A series of phenylalkylaminoalkyl derivatives of Formula I
wherein Ar is naphtyl or phenyl;
R¹ is hydrogen, fluoro or R⁴CONH-;
R² is hydrogen or C₁-₆ alkyl;
R₃ is C₁-₆ alkyl;
R⁴ is C₁-₆ alkyl or phenyl- C₁-₆ alkyl;
x is zero or the integers 1 and 2;
m is selected from the integers 1 to 6; and
n is selected from the integers 2 and 3,
has been found to provide effective antiischemic protection for CNS tissue, particularly neurons. A method of treatment to protect against CNS ischemia, such as that resulting from trauma or stroke or other ischemic conditions, comprises administration of these novel compounds to an individual in need of such treatment.
Site-Selective C–H Functionalization of (Hetero)Arenes via Transient, Non-symmetric Iodanes
作者:Stacy C. Fosu、Chido M. Hambira、Andrew D. Chen、James R. Fuchs、David A. Nagib
DOI:10.1016/j.chempr.2018.11.007
日期:2019.2
A strategy for C–Hfunctionalization of arenes and heteroarenes has been developed to allow site-selective incorporation of various anions, including Cl, Br, OMs, OTs, and OTf. This approach is enabled by in situ generation of reactive, non-symmetric iodanes by combining anions and bench-stable PhI(OAc)2. The utility of this mechanism is demonstrated via para-selective chlorination of medicinally relevant
This invention is directed to compounds, which are PDE10A enzyme inhibitors. The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention also provides processes for the preparation of the compounds of formula I. The present invention further provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a neurodegenerative disorder comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. The present invention also provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a drug addiction comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I. The present invention further provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a psychiatric disorder comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
Dibenzyl amine compounds and derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds to elevate certain plasma lipid levels, including high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and to lower certain other plasma lipid levels, such as LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and accordingly to treat diseases which are exacerbated by low levels of HDL cholesterol and/or high levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in some mammals, including humans.
A stabilized preparation which comprises: a unstable drug in a polyethylene glycol-containing preparation; and a coating agent comprising a copolyvidone instead of polyethylene glycol with which the drug is coated.