Summary
Six aceto‐ and butyroglycerides, including di‐and triglycerides, were prepared and purified, and a number of their physical properties were determined.
Melting and transition points for each of the glycerides were determined by experiments with small portions of the samples in capillary tubes; the “thrust‐in” technique was employed to detect some polymorphic transitions occurring in intervals as short as one second.
Using the data on melting and transition points, dilatometric data were obtained, insofar as possible, for the various crystalline modifications of the compounds as well as for the liquid state. From the dilatometric data calculations were made for expansibilities in the liquid and various solid states, and melting dilations for several solid states. In one instance the volume change on phase transition, without melting, was calculated.
From X‐ray diffraction patterns the long and short crystal spacings for the highest melting forms of several of the glycerides were determined. On the basis of the short spacings, polymorphic designations commonly used for fats and oils were assigned. The long spacings obtained indicated a triple chain length structure for some of the compounds and as yet an undetermined structure for the other compounds.
摘要
制备并纯化了六种乙酰甘油酯和丁酰甘油酯,包括二甘油酯和三甘油酯,并测定了它们的一些物理性质。
通过对毛细管中的小部分样品进行实验,确定了每种甘油酯的熔点和转变点;采用 "插入 "技术检测了一些在短至一秒的时间间隔内发生的多态转变。
利用熔点和转变点的数据,尽可能地获得了化合物各种晶体转变和液态的稀释计量数据。根据稀释度数据,计算出了液态和各种固态的膨胀率,以及几种固态的熔化膨胀率。在一个例子中,计算了相变时的体积变化,而没有熔化。
根据 X 射线衍射图样,确定了几种甘油酯最高熔化形态的长短晶体间距。根据短晶距,确定了油脂常用的多晶型名称。所获得的长晶距表明某些化合物具有三链长度结构,而其他化合物的结构尚未确定。