Miscible with chloroform, diethyl ether, ethanol, glacial
acetic acid, and methanol; freely soluble in ethanol (95%) and
petroleum ether; practically insoluble in water; practically
insoluble in mineral oil unless mixed with another vegetable
oil.
介电常数：
4.8（14℃）
物理描述：
Castor oil appears as pale-yellow or almost colorless transparent viscous liquid with a faint mild odor and nauseating taste. Density 0.95 g / cm3. A mixture of glycerides, chiefly ricinolein (the glyceride of ricinoleic acid) .
颜色/状态：
Pale-yellowish or almost colorless, transparent, viscous liquid
气味：
Faint, mild odor
味道：
The crude oil tastes slightly acrid with a decidedly nauseating after-taste.
At 25 °C: 6-8 poises, also expressed as U +/- 1/2 (Gardner-Holdt scale)
表面张力：
At 20 °C: 39.0 dynes/cm; at 80 °C: 35.2 dynes/cm
折光率：
Index of refraction: 1.473-1.477 at 25 °C/D; 1.466-1.473 at 40 °C/D
计算性质
辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
17.8
重原子数：
66
可旋转键数：
53
环数：
0.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
0.84
拓扑面积：
140
氢给体数：
3
氢受体数：
9
ADMET
代谢
蓖麻油是一种三酸甘油酯，在人类的小肠中被胰腺酶水解，导致甘油和蓖麻酸释放。
Castor Oil is a triglyceride that is hydrolyzed in the small intestine in humans by pancreatic enzymes, leading to the release of glycerol and Ricinoleic Acid.
Within the small intestine, ... pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the oil to glycerol and ricinoleic acid. Ricinoleate, like other anionic surfactants, reduces net absorption of fluid and electrolytes and stimulates intestinal peristalsis. Ricinoleic acid also is absorbed and metabolized like other fatty acids.
Castor oil was administered intragastrically to germ-free and conventional rats (number not stated). Urine was collected at intervals over a 24-hr period. The following epoxydicarboxylic acids were detected in the urine of both germ-free and conventional rats: 3,6-epoxyoctanedioic acid; 3,6-epoxydecanedioic acid; and 3,6- epoxydodecanedioic acid. These acids were not detected in urine collected from the rats prior to dosing with castor oil, and they also were not detected in steam-sterilized castor oil. Results for the germ-free rat indicate that the cyclization of Ricinoleic Acid (hydroxy fatty acid in castor oil) to form an epoxy compound occurs endogenously and does not require the presence of intestinal bacteria.
Castor oil (10 to 15 mL) /was administered/ orally to three healthy subjects. Urine was collected between 2 and 8 hr post dosing. The following three epoxydicarboxylic acids were excreted in the urine: 3,6-epoxyoctanedioic acid; 3,6-epoxydecanedioic acid; and 3,6-epoxydodecanedioic acid.
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Castor (Ricinus communis) beans contain triglycerides, mostly consisting of ricinoleic acid esters, and small amounts of the toxic ricin and ricine. Pressing of the beans produces castor oil and purification of the oil eliminates the ricin and ricine. Castor oil is a strong stimulant laxative. Castor beans as well as a homeopathic preparation of castor purportedly reduce milk flow, but it is also reportedly used as a galactogogue. A poultice of castor leaves is a purported galactogogue. In some parts of India, castor oil is also reportedly applied to the breasts to stimulate lactation. No scientifically valid clinical trials support any of these uses and some preparations may be toxic to the infant. Galactogogues should never replace evaluation and counseling on modifiable factors that affect milk production. No data exist on the excretion of any components of the castor plant or castor oil into breastmilk or on their safety and efficacy in nursing mothers or infants. However, little of the active ricinoleic acid is thought to be absorbed from the intestine. Because of a lack of information, other cathartics may be preferred in nursing mothers.
In traditional Indian culture, castor oil has been administered to newborn infants during the first 2 to 3 days of life, often resulting in adverse effects. Administration of castor oil to newborns is dangerous and should be avoided.
Dietary supplements do not require extensive pre-marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Manufacturers are responsible to ensure the safety, but do not need to prove the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements before they are marketed. Dietary supplements may contain multiple ingredients, and differences are often found between labeled and actual ingredients or their amounts. A manufacturer may contract with an independent organization to verify the quality of a product or its ingredients, but that does not certify the safety or effectiveness of a product. Because of the above issues, clinical testing results on one product may not be applicable to other products. More detailed information about dietary supplements is available elsewhere on the LactMed Web site.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:In rural India, castor oil has been traditionally given to infants during the first 2 to 3 days of life to clear the intestine of meconium. This practice can result in paralytic ileus and aspiration pneumonia. Severe hypoalbuminemia was also reported in a 1.5-month-old infant whose grandmother gave him castor oil daily from the fifth day of life, resulting in diarrhea and malnutrition.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
毒理性
摄入症状
腹痛。腹泻。恶心。呕吐。
Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
The soap has protected guinea pigs against lethal doses of tetanus and diphtheria toxins. Thus, bile saponification and the formation of alkaline fatty acid esters are a normal host defense against exotoxins (protein in nature) but ineffective against endotoxins (polysaccharides).
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Hydrocarbon Blends, Mixtures, and Related Compounds/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 m/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Hydrocarbon Blends, Mixtures, and Related Compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
... 在肠道被清除之前，会吸收部分肠道代谢物。
... Some absorption of its intestinal metabolites occurs before the intestine is cleared.
Ricinoleate, like other anionic surfactants, reduces net absorption of fluid and electrolytes and stimulates intestinal peristalsis. Ricinoleic acid also is absorbed and metabolized like other fatty acids.
Two rabbits (weight = 3 kg) were fed 6% castor oil in the diet for 18 days; fecal collection occurred during the last ten days. The utilization (uncorrected for metabolic fat) of castor oil was 92.1%, which /was/ considered to be efficient utilization. For both rabbits, the percentage of fat in the feces was 2.2%.
Adult rats (number, weights, and strain not stated) received a diet containing 48.4% castor oil for 4 to 6 weeks. Control rats received stock ration only. Feces were collected from three rats on the castor oil diet. At the end of the feeding period, excised organs/tissues were ground thoroughly and samples of phospholipid fatty acids were obtained from the liver, small intestine, and muscle; glyceride fatty acids were obtained from the liver and fat depots. There was no evidence of catharsis in any of the animals. Average percentages of Ricinoleic Acid in the phospholipid fatty acids were as follows: liver (test: 1.3 +/- 0.6% [9 analyses]; controls: 1.7 +/- 1.1% [7 analyses]), small intestine (test: 4.9 +/- 1.7% [8 analyses]; controls: 6.0 +/- 4.4% [4 analyses]), and skeletal muscle (test: 3.6 +/- 2.9% [8 analyses]; controls: 4.0 +/- 1.7% [7 analyses]). The following values are average percentages of Ricinoleic Acid in glycerides and cholesterol esters: fat depots (test: 6.8 +/- 4.2% [11 analyses]; controls: 0.5 +/- 0.5% [7 analyses]) and liver (test: 7.2 +/- 2.4% [8 analyses]; controls: 5.6 +/- 4.1% [5 analyses]). /It was/ concluded that the feeding of castor oil did not lead to the appearance of significant amounts of Ricinoleic Acid in phospholipids of the small intestine, liver, and skeletal muscle, nor in glycerides of the liver. Additionally, they concluded that ricinoleic acid is a component acid of the glycerides in the fat depots, comprising 7% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acids excreted by each of three rats amounted to 2.1%, 2.2%, and 3.6% of those ingested. Total body fat in these three animals was also determined, and it was calculated that 1% to 2% of absorbed Ricinoleic Acid was deposited in the fat depots. /It was/ concluded that Ricinoleic Acid was rapidly metabolized.
The synthesis of PGF1α by re-structuring of castor oil
作者：D. Ranganathan、S. Ranganathan、M.M. Mehrotra
DOI：10.1016/0040-4020(80)80089-5
日期：1980.1
oil has been transformed—via methyl ricinoleate—to PGF1α by strategy wherein 16 of the 18 carbons of the castor oil backbone are incorporated in the C-20 PGF1α, involving, inter alia, a novel procedure for the regiospecific functionalisation of terminal olefins, a novel degradation of aldehyde to lower acid and strategies useful for the generation of the highly functionalised prostanoid system, which
[EN] IODINATED PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR A USE FOR THE MEDICAL IMAGING AND THEIR METHODS OF PREPARATION<br/>[FR] PRODUITS IODÉS DESTINÉS À ÊTRE UTILISÉS POUR L'IMAGERIE MÉDICALE ET LEURS PROCÉDÉS DE PRÉPARATION
申请人：UNIV STRASBOURG
公开号：WO2013121284A1
公开（公告）日：2013-08-22
The present invention concerns an iodinated lipophilic compound of formula (I) or (II) : AG-R (I) or AG-X-R (II) wherein - AG represents an unsaturated or saturated (C8-C52) aliphatic hydrocarbon chain found in fatty acids having or not a double bond, an unsaturated or saturated aromatic cycle with an hydrocarbon chain, a sterol, an unsaturated or saturated (C8-C52) aliphatic hydrocarbon chain ended by an amino group having or not a double bound, - X represents a spacer such as a diacid, a diol (like aliphatic diol, polyethylene glycol comprising 1 to 50 ethylene glycol groups) or an amino acid, - R represents a benzene ring with one, two or three iodine atoms and a carboxylic group or an alcohol group.
作者：N. P. Shapkin、I. G. Khalchenko、N. V. Maslova、V. V. Gribova、V. G. Savchenko
DOI：10.1007/s11172-020-2913-5
日期：2020.7
silicon-containing ethers depends on the content of crystallization water in sodium ricinoleate, and the concentration and nature of solvent. Thus, in the case of a mixture of absolute alcohol with ether and low content of crystallization water, the reaction proceeds by hydroxyl of alcohol to form salt-like compounds containing silicon. In the case of a salt with a high content of crystallization water, the reaction
Synthesis of methyl 9,12‐epoxyoctadecanoate from castor oil
作者：S. Y. Mhaskar、V. V. S. Mani
DOI：10.1007/bf02540670
日期：1994.5
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of methyl 9,12‐epoxyoctadecanoate (2‐[7‐methoxycarbonyl‐heptyl]‐5‐hexanyl‐tetrahydrofuran). Methyl ricinoleate (methyl 12‐hydroxy‐9‐cis‐octadecenoate), isolated from castor oil methyl esters was isomerized with diphenyl disulfide as radical initiator under ultraviolet radiation to give thetrans isomer, methyl ricinelaidate. The latter was cyclized by slow addition of 10% bromine solution in dichloromethane to give methyl 10‐bromo‐9,12‐epoxyoctadecanoate, which on hydrogenation with Pd/C catalyst gave the title compound, methyl 9,12‐epoxyoctadecanoate.
Esters from castor oil functionalized with aromatic amines as a potential lubricant
作者：Laura de Andrade Souza、Denise Ramos Moreira、Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo、Martin Edmund Maier、Paulo Roberto Campos Flexa Ribeiro Filho、Francisco Murilo Tavares Luna、Cesar Liberato Petzhold
DOI：10.1002/aocs.12648
日期：2023.2
acids prepared by transesterification (EHRO), epoxidation (TEPO), and oxirane ring opening with the aromatic amines aniline (ANIL) and p-anisidine (ANIS). The chemical structure of these oils was verified by 1H and 13C NMR analysis, and mass spectrometry. Measurements show that the presence of an aromatic amine increases the viscosity resulting in 172 (ANIL) and 199 (ANIS) cSt at 40°C, but reduces viscosity
