The synthesis, transition temperatures and chiral properties of a range of novel achiral and racemic liquid crystals with a bent molecular shape containing a 1,5-disubstituted 2,3,4-trifluorophenyl moiety are detailed in the context of the recently popular research topic of banana-shaped liquid crystals. The work represents a speculative extension of research into ferroelectric host materials with high dielectric biaxiality, and some interesting results are discussed. Notably, some achiral materials generate a columnar mesophase where the molecules are tilted within the columns, allowing the generation of chirality, other achiral materials exhibit a 'conventional' mesomorphism in the form of a smectic C phase, but an equal number of oppositely handed regions are generated. A racemic material generates an unidentified smectic phase, which exhibits chiral properties of single handedness despite the racemic nature.
The dramatic influence of the location of bend and of lateral fluoro substitution on the mesomorphic properties of angular chiral esters based on a 1,3-disubstituted benzene ring
作者:Kenneth M. Fergusson、Michael Hird
DOI:10.1039/b923267b
日期:——
The synthesis and mesomorphic properties of a range of 3-ring and 4-ring chiral esters based on a 1,3-disubstituted benzene unit are detailed. These materials all deviate from the usual linear molecular architecture of liquid crystals, and hence are all angular in nature. Some of these materials have the bend right at the end of the molecule where the chain deviates from the normal linear arrangement, and hence a ‘hockey stick’ molecular architecture is perhaps an accurate description. Other materials have a genuine bent-core construction where the bend is towards the centre of the molecule, and hence are best termed as ‘boomerang’ shape. In all cases, interesting comparisons of mesophase morphology and transition temperatures were found, both between the various angular materials and with their linear analogues. In particular, the influence on transition temperatures of lateral fluoro substitution in the novel angular materials was found to be wholly different to that found in the known linear analogues. The work forms part of a larger on-going research programme to investigate the mesomorphic and chirality-dependent properties of angular liquid crystals. The research revealed that no mesomorphism in parent compounds is possible when the bend is close to the centre of the molecule, however, lateral fluoro substitution of such compounds facilitates the generation of liquid crystal phases. Where the molecular bend is as a consequence of the terminal unit at the end of the core, then surprisingly high clearing points resulted, and such materials were found to show the potential for a high tilt angle, and a strong tendency towards helical mesophases. Lateral fluoro substitution of these latter examples resulted consistently in significantly higher clearing points, which is in marked contrast to the behaviour reported previously in known liquid crystals of linear molecular architectures.
Disclosed are compound of formula (I) and pharmaceutically accepted salts and prodrugs thereof, wherein each of R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
5
, R
6
, X
1
and X
2
is as defined in the description. These compounds are protein kinases inhibitors, especially the inhibitors of Mek, which are useful in the treatment of cancers and inflammation of mammals. Disclosed are the treatment methods of cancers and inflammation of mammals as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds described herein. The preparation of benzoheterocyclic compounds are disclosed. Disclosed are the preparation of potential drug candidates, such as benzooxazol, benzothiazol, benzothiadiazol and the like.
Disclosed are compound of formula (I) and pharmaceutically accepted salts and prodrugs thereof, wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, X1 and X2 is as defined in the description. These compounds are protein kinases inhibitors, especially the inhibitors of Mek, which are useful in the treatment of cancers and inflammation of mammals. Disclosed are the treatment methods of cancers and inflammation of mammals as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds described herein. The preparation of benzoheterocyclic compounds are disclosed. Disclosed are the preparation of potential drug candidates, such as benzooxazol, benzothiazol, benzothiadiazol and the like.