Asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydrolipstatin and valilactone
摘要:
The highly diastereoselective aldol reaction between acyl complexes of the iron chiral auxiliary [(eta(5)-C5H5)Fe(CO)(PPh3)] and beta-hydroxy aldehydes (obtained via a Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation), followed by a tandem oxidative decomplexation-cyclisation process gives access to beta-substituted and alpha,beta-disubstituted beta-lactones in high ee. This methodology has been employed in the asymmetric syntheses of tetra hydrolipstatin and valilactone. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Asymmetric [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ketene with the aldehydes 1aâg, catalysed by 10 mol% of C2-symmetric bissulfonamide 2aâcâR3Al complexes afforded optically active 4-substituted oxetan-2-ones 3aâg in up to 74% enantiomeric excess.
Cationic palladium(ii) complex-catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition and tandem cycloaddition–allylic rearrangement of ketene with aldehydes: an improved synthesis of sorbic acid
Cationic palladium(II) complexes [PdL2(PhCN)2](BF4)2 efficiently catalyze the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ketene with aldehydes to give the corresponding oxetan-2-ones, among which 4-vinyl-substituted ones are further isomerized under the conditions to give 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones in good yields.
A composition prepared by containing or blending a physiologically active non-peptide substance and a biodegradable polymer having two or more carboxylic groups at its end or a salt thereof features: (1) larger content of the physiologically active non-peptide substance can be contained, as well as release of the same can be controlled or accelerated, whereby secure pharmaceutical effect is achieved; (2) when the physiologically active non-peptide substance causes subcutaneous stimulation, an activity of canceling the stimulation by strongly acidic group at its end is expected; and (3) high glass transition point and high stability.
The invention relates to a process for preparing polyhydroxyalkanoates by polymerization of lactones of the general formula I,
where the substituents and the index n have the meanings given in the description, in the presence of at least one catalyst of the formula (II) L
I
M
a
X
a
m
, where the substituents and indices have the meanings given in the description. The invention further relates to poly-3-hydroxybutyrates which have a novel property profile and are obtainable for the first time by means of this process, and also biodegradable polyester mixtures based on these poly-3-hydroxybutyrates.
A composition prepared by containing or blending a physiologically active non-peptide substance and a biodegradable polymer having two or more carboxylic groups at its end or a salt thereof features: (1) larger content of the physiologically active non-peptide substance can be contained, as well as release of the same can be controlled or accelerated, whereby secure pharmaceutical effect is achieved; (2) when the physiologically active non-peptide substance causes subcutaneous stimulation, an activity of canceling the stimulation by strongly acidic group at its end is expected; and (3) high glass transition point and high stability.