Visible light-mediated oxidative decarboxylation of arylacetic acids into benzyl radicals: addition to electron-deficient alkenes by using photoredox catalysts
arylacetic acids bearing an amino group at the para-position in the benzene ring with alkenes in the presence of a catalytic amount of transition metal polypyridyl complexes as photocatalysts under visible light illumination proceed smoothly to give the corresponding benzylated products via oxidative decarboxylation in good to high yields.
Direct N-Alkylation of Aromatic Amines Using a Microflow Reactor: Enhancement of Selectivity and Reactivity
作者:Jin-Hyun Jeong、Yong-Sung Choi、Yoon-Jung Kim、Liu-Lan Shen、Yong Lee
DOI:10.1055/s-0034-1379895
日期:——
A simple and highly atom-economical method for the direct N-alkylation of aromatic amines by using a microflow reactor was developed to overcome the problem of over-alkylation. In the developed method, high-yield conversion (up to 100%) was achieved in a relatively short reaction time. The ratio of mono- to di-benzylated products (3.57:1) was higher than that achieved with batch reactions conducted in a 1L scale flask (0.87:1). The structural features of the microflow reactor meant that short-chain alkyl halides could be converted into products with high reactivity and selectivity under superheating conditions, although their boiling point was much lower than the reaction temperature. This method was successfully applied to the synthesis of a range of secondary amines including an intermediate of indobufen synthesis.
Structural optimization and in vitro profiling of N-phenylbenzamide-based farnesoid X receptor antagonists
Activation of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) which acts as cellular bile acid sensor has been validated as therapeutic strategy to counter liver disorders such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by the clinical efficacy of obeticholic acid. FXR antagonism, in contrast, is less well studied and potent small molecule FXR antagonists are rare. Here we report the systematic optimization of a novel class of FXR antagonists towards low nanomolar potency. The most optimized compound antagonizes baseline and agonist induced FXR activity in a full length FXR reporter gene assay and represses intrinsic expression of FXR regulated genes in hepatoma cells. With this activity and a favorable toxicity-, stability- and selectivity-profile it appears suitable to further study FXR antagonism in vitro and in vivo.
Picciola; Ravenna; Carenini, Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica, 1981, vol. 36, # 1, p. 47 - 60