Six- vs Seven-Membered Ring Formation from the 1-Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptanylmethyl Radical: Synthetic and ab Initio Studies
作者:Eric J. Kantorowski、Shawn W. E. Eisenberg、William H. Fink、Mark J. Kurth
DOI:10.1021/jo981708n
日期:1999.1.1
The viability of utilizing 1-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptanylmethyl radical (3) to serve as a progenitor of seven-membered carbocycles was examined. Rate constants for the rearrangement of this radical to 3-methylenecycloheptyl radical (4) and 2-methylenecyclohexyl-1-methyl radical (6) were measured using the competition method of 3 with thiophenol over the temperature range of -75 to 59 degrees C. Arrhenius functions were calculated for the conversions of 3 to 4 and 3 to 6 and found to be log (k/s(-1)) = (12.38 +/- 0.20) - (5.63 +/- 0.23)/theta and log(k/s(-1)) = (11.54 +/- 0.32) - (5.26 +/- 0.37)/theta, respectively. The rate-constants for these conversions at 25 degrees C are 1.86 x 10(8) s(-1) and 5.11 x 10(7) s(-1), respectively. Hence, the seven-membered ring-expanded carbocycle is formed 3.6 times faster at 25 degrees C than the nonexpanded species. This suggests that the 1-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptanylmethyl radical system may be synthetically useful in seven-membered ring-forming methodology. Preliminary theoretical examination of this radical system qualitatively predicted the experimentally determined energies of activation: PMP4/6-31G*//HF/6-31G* Delta E-a (3 --> 6 - 3 --> 4) = 3.0 kcal/mol with zero point-energy correction. The HF/6-31G* optimized reaction coordinate stationary points suggest cyclopropyl substituent eclipsing interactions play an important role in determining the kinetic outcome of these rearrangements.