N-Nitrosoanilines: a new class of caspase-3 inhibitors
摘要:
Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases activated during apoptosis. In cultured human endothelial cells, physiological levels of NO prevent apoptosis and interfere with the activation of the caspase cascade. Previous studies have demonstrated that NO inhibits the activity of caspase-3 by S-nitrosylation of the enzyme. In this study, the inhibitory effect of a new class of NO donors, N-nitrosoaniline derivatives, were examined against caspase-3. Initially eight small molecule inhibitors bearing N-nitroso moieties were assayed. It was found that the presence of an electron-donating group on the phenyl ring led to better inhibitory potency, a trend consistent with the results from the previous papain studies. Based on the analysis of the enzyme and substrates' structures, two peptidyl N-nitrosoaniline inhibitors [Ac-DVAD-NNO (1) and Ac-DV-AMO (2)] were designed and synthesized. Both compounds exhibited enhanced inhibitory potency against caspase-3. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A one-pot procedure for trifluoroacetylation of arylamines using trifluoroacetic acid as a trifluoroacetylating reagent
作者:Junpei Ohtaka、Takeshi Sakamoto、Yasuo Kikugawa
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.01.088
日期:2009.4
procedure for the preparation of aryl trifluoroacetamides from aryl amines is described that employs 2–4 M equiv of trifluoroacetic acid in refluxing xylene as a trifluoroacetylating agent. Addition of an amount of pyridine that is equimolar to the amount of trifluoroacetic acid present in the reaction mixture facilitates the trifluoroacetylation of rather basic arylamines.
A “One-Pot” Phase Transfer Alkylation/Hydrolysis of<i>o</i>-Nitrotrifluoroacetanilides. A Convenient Route to<i>N</i>-ALKYL<i>o</i>-Phenylenediamines
作者:Samuel A. Brown、Carmelo J. Rizzo
DOI:10.1080/00397919608003827
日期:1996.11
Abstract A variety of o-nitrotrifluoroacetanilides undergo a one-pot alkylation/hydrolysis to give N-alkyl o-nitroanilines in 40–94% yield. Dimethylsulfate, benzyl bromide and 1-bromo-propane were used as the electrophiles.
Effect of cyclodextrins on the hydrolysis of amides
作者:Alejandro Granados、Rita H. De Rossi
DOI:10.1021/jo00059a030
日期:1993.3
The hydrolysis of p-nitrotrifluoroacetanilide (1), trifluoroacetanilide (2), m-nitrotrifluoroacetanilide (3), and p-nitroacetanilide (4) was studied in the presence of cyclodextrins. The reactions of 1 are catalyzed by alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and also by (hydroxypropyl)cyclodextrin (HPCD). The hydrolysis of 4 is catalyzed by beta-CD. The reaction of 2 is inhibited by beta-CD and so is the reaction of 3 by HPCD. Compounds 1 and 4 form two types of inclusion complexes with beta-CD, a 1:1 and a 1:2 substrate:cyclodextrin complex. Both types of complexes react faster than the free substrate, and for 1 at pH = 7 all the catalysis is due to the reaction of the 1:2 complex since the 1:1 complex reacts at about the same rate as the free substrate. The results are explained in terms of two mechanisms: one which involves the acylation of CD by the amides and another which predominates at neutral pH where the two cyclodextrins complexing the substrate stabilize the transition state for water addition.
US7329681B2
申请人:——
公开号:US7329681B2
公开(公告)日:2008-02-12
Inhibitors of IMPDH enzyme
申请人:Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated
公开号:US06344465B1
公开(公告)日:2002-02-05
The present invention relates to a novel class of compounds which are IMPDH inhibitors. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are particularly well suited for inhibiting IMPDH enzyme activity and consequently, may be advantageously used as therapeutic agents for IMPDH mediated processes. This invention also relates to methods for inhibiting the activity of IMPDH using the compounds of this invention and related compounds.