中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,8-dioxa-6,6-bis(tetradecyloxymethyl)-1,11-undecanediamine | 1191030-05-3 | C43H90N2O4 | 699.199 |
—— | N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-3,7-dioxa-5,5-bis(tetradecyloxymethyl)-1,9-nonanediamine | 1191029-55-6 | C41H86N2O4 | 671.145 |
—— | 2,2-bis(tetradecyloxymethyl)propanedial | 1191029-21-6 | C33H64O4 | 524.869 |
—— | N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-5,5-bis(tetradecyloxymethyl)-3,7-dioxa-1,9-nonanediamine | 1191029-81-8 | C45H94N2O4 | 727.252 |
本文描述了基于季戊四醇的三种阴离子双季铵盐表面活性剂的有效合成方法。第一系列的双硫酸盐是通过季戊四醇螺环双环硫酸盐(1)中的两个环状硫酸盐与线性醇盐的双位移反应制备的。第二系列的双硫酸盐是通过二-O-烷基季戊四醇的二烷氧基与乙烯硫酸反应制备的。二-O-烷基季戊四醇可以按照我们之前报道的方法制备,或者通过第一系列双硫酸盐的酸催化水解来制备。第三系列的双磺酸盐是通过二-O-烷基季戊四醇的二烷氧基与1,3-丙烷磺内酯反应制备的。最后一组反应由于环状化合物的形成而变得复杂,这些环状化合物可能是由于磺内酯醇盐在硫上的可逆位移被季戊四醇醇盐取代,随后发生第二次分子内位移生成的磺酸盐。改变添加顺序以保持反应介质中不过量碱,以及降低反应温度,最小化了这些副产物的产生量。所有三个系列都具有极好的表面活性剂性能。
Efficient syntheses of three series of anionic gemini surfactants based on pentaerythritol are described. A series of disulfates was prepared by the double displacement of the two cyclic sulfates in the S4-symmetric compound pentaerythritol spirobicyclic sulfate (1) with linear alkoxides. A second series of disulfates was prepared by reaction of the dialkoxides of di-O-alkylpentaerythritols with ethylene sulfate. The di-O-alkylpentaerythritols can be prepared as previously reported by us or by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the first series of disulfates. A series of disulfonates was prepared by reaction of the dialkoxides of di-O-alkylpentaerythritols with 1,3-propanesultone. This last set of reactions was complicated by the formation of oxetanes, which probably arose from initial reversible displacement on sulfur of the sultone alkoxide by the pentaerythritol alkoxide followed by a second intramolecular displacement of the resulting sulfonate. Changing the order of addition to keep the reaction medium from containing excess base as well as lowering the reaction temperature minimized the amounts of these byproducts. All three series had excellent surfactant properties.
本文描述了基于季戊四醇的三种阴离子双季铵盐表面活性剂的有效合成方法。第一系列的双硫酸盐是通过季戊四醇螺环双环硫酸盐(1)中的两个环状硫酸盐与线性醇盐的双位移反应制备的。第二系列的双硫酸盐是通过二-O-烷基季戊四醇的二烷氧基与乙烯硫酸反应制备的。二-O-烷基季戊四醇可以按照我们之前报道的方法制备,或者通过第一系列双硫酸盐的酸催化水解来制备。第三系列的双磺酸盐是通过二-O-烷基季戊四醇的二烷氧基与1,3-丙烷磺内酯反应制备的。最后一组反应由于环状化合物的形成而变得复杂,这些环状化合物可能是由于磺内酯醇盐在硫上的可逆位移被季戊四醇醇盐取代,随后发生第二次分子内位移生成的磺酸盐。改变添加顺序以保持反应介质中不过量碱,以及降低反应温度,最小化了这些副产物的产生量。所有三个系列都具有极好的表面活性剂性能。