Phase Transfer Catalysis without Solvent. Alkylation of Phenol and Derivatives
作者:A. Loupy、J. Sansoulet、E. Díez-Barra、J. R. Carrillo
DOI:10.1080/00397919108016419
日期:1991.7
Abstract The alkylation of phenol, hydroquinone and p-aminophenol is performed by phase transfer catalysis without solvent. High yields of α,ω-diphenoxyalkanes, hydroquinone diethers and high selective mono O-alkylation of p-aminophenol are obtained in very mild conditions.
Variations in Site and Levels of Expression of Chondrocyte Nucleotide Pyrophosphohydrolase with Aging
作者:Ikuko Masuda、Ken-Ichi Iyama、Brian D. Halligan、Joseph T. Barbieri、Arthur L. Haas、Daniel J. Mccarty、Lawrence M. Ryan
DOI:10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.5.868
日期:——
The aim of this study was to identify changes in cartilage intermediate layer protein/nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase (CILP/NTPPH) expression in articular cartilage during aging. Adult (3‐4 years old) and young (7‐10 days old) porcine articular hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage were studied by Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry using a complementary DNA (cDNA) probe encoding porcine CILP/NTPPH and antibody to a synthetic peptide corresponding to a CILP/NTPPH sequence. Northern blot analysis of chondrocytes showed lower expression of CILP/NTPPH messenger RNA (mRNA) in young cartilage than in adult cartilage. In adult cartilage, extracellular matrix from the surface to the middeep zone was immunoreactive for CILP/NTPPH, especially in the pericellular matrix surrounding the middeep zone chondrocytes. In young cartilage, chondrocytes were moderately immunoreactive for CILP/NTPPH throughout all zones except the calcified zone. The matrix of young cartilage was negative except in the superficial zone. In young cartilage, CILP/NTPPH mRNA expression was undetectable. In adult cartilage, chondrocytes showed strong mRNA expression for CILP/NTPPH throughout middeep zones. Protein and mRNA signals were not detectable below the tidemark. CILP/NTPPH secretion into matrix around chondrocytes increases with aging. In this extracellular site it may generate inorganic pyrophosphate and contribute to age‐related calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease.
orientational order parameters, bond conformations, and molecular dimensions. For the dimers in particular, the solute shapes were estimated from phase diagrams of the dimer/MBBA systems, the crystalstructures were determined by X-ray diffraction, and the melting points and enthalpies of fusion were evaluated from DSC measurements. From the dimers, the so-called odd−even effect was clearly observed in not only
Prospective new amidinothiazoles as leukotriene B4 inhibitors
作者:Ashraf A. Aly、Mahmoud A.A. Ibrahim、Essmat M. El-Sheref、Alaa M.A. Hassan、Alan B. Brown
DOI:10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.07.085
日期:2019.1
Abstract An efficient and one-step synthesis of the versatile, hitherto new derivatives resembling LY293111, a prospective potent antagonist of the leukotrieneB4 (LTB4) receptor, were reported. The strategy was based on the synthesis of an amidinothiazole ring, connected with phenoxy group. The synthesized compounds were structurally confirmed by IR, NMR (including 2D-NMR), mass spectra and elemental
Disclosed is a diamine represented by a general formula of:
wherein X is an ester bond, each of m and n is independently a natural number, each of p and r is independently 0 or 1, q is an integer of 0 or more, a sum of m, n, and q is 20 or less, and when q is 0, p is 1 and r is 0.