A chiral hydroxyl bisphospholane, 1,2-bis[(2S,3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxyl-2,5-dimethylphospholanyl]benzene (4), was synthesized from readily available d-mannitol. Its Rh(I) complex catalyzes asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydroaminoacids and their ester derivatives with excellent enantioselectivities (98 to >99% ee).