Diprotodecarboxylation Reactions of 3,4-Dialkoxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic Acids Mediated by Ag2CO3 and Microwaves
摘要:
An efficient and rapid method is reported to obtain 3,4-dialkoxythiophenes from 3,4-dialkoxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acids through a diprotodecarboxylation reaction with Ag2CO3/AcOH as a catalytic system and microwave heating in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent. This methodology lets us obtain for the first time good performance with thiophenes bearing strong electron-donating groups such as alkoxides. This methodology eliminates the usage of harmful quinoline as solvent, as well as the long reaction times typically used (12-18h) to obtain the 3,4-dialkoxythiophenes. The reaction of 7 diacids showed good yields (60-89%) following 20min of microwave heating in a temperature range of 120-150 degrees C. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications (R) for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]
A process for making a biosensor comprising a hollow coil comprising wires coiled in parallel and an electronic circuit component connected to the coil, the process comprising: 1) providing a mandrel on which wires including at least a first wire, a second wire and a third wire are wound in parallel, 2a) immersing the mandrel in a first buffer solution comprising a first bioreceptor, a first monomer and optional additives, 2b) arranging the wires such that the first wire may be used as a working electrode, the second wire may be used as a counter electrode and the third wire may be used as a reference electrode of a three electrode electrochemical cell used in an electropolymerisation process, 3) passing electric current through the first wire to form a first biocompatible coating of a first polymer polymerized from the first monomer comprising the first bioreceptor on the first wire, 4) removing the coil from the mandrel, 5) connecting the wires to their respective points of the electronic circuit component such that the first wire may be used as a working electrode, the second wire may be used as a counter electrode and the third wire may be used as a reference electrode and wherein the electronic circuit component is configured such that it can generate an input signal for a wireless receiver based upon the activity of the bioreceptor and wirelessly send the input signal to the wireless receiver.
Use of a polythiophene for aligning liquid crystals
申请人:Agfa-Gevaert
公开号:US20040043162A1
公开(公告)日:2004-03-04
A method of making a liquid crystal alignment layer comprising the steps of: (i) providing a layer on a substrate, the layer comprising a polythiophene according to formula (I):
1
wherein R
1
and R
2
each independently represent hydrogen or a C
1
-C
4
alkyl group or together represent a C
1
-C
4
alkylene group or a cycloalkylene group; and (ii) mechanically rendering the layer liquid crystal aligning; a liquid crystal alignment layer obtainable by the above-mentioned method; a liquid crystal device incorporating the above-mentioned liquid crystal alignment layer; a liquid crystal display comprising the above-mentioned liquid crystal alignment layer or the above-mentioned liquid crystal device; and the use of the polythiophene according to formula (I) for aligning liquid crystals.
一种制作液晶对位层的方法,包括以下步骤(i) 在基底上提供一层,该层包括符合式(I)的聚噻吩:
1
其中 R
1
和 R
2
各自独立地代表氢或一个 C
1
-C
4
烷基,或共同代表一个 C
1
-C
4
烷基或环烷基;以及(ii)机械地使该层液晶配向;通过上述方法可获得的液晶配向层;包含上述液晶配向层的液晶装置;包含上述液晶配向层或上述液晶装置的液晶显示器;以及根据式(I)使用聚噻吩配向液晶。
Versatile Superhydrophobic Surfaces from a Bioinspired Approach
We report the surface wettability and morphology of conductive polymer films obtained by electrodeposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (i.e., PEDOT) derivatives containing an alkyl chain (PEDOTHn with n = 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) or a phenyl (PEDOTPh) group in the 2-position. Even if the general approach in the literature is the use of highly fluorinated tail to reach superhydrophobic materials, we point out that versatile surfaces (from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic) can be obtained, in one step, without any fluorinated chemistry. Indeed, superhydrophobic surfaces were formed, using Bu4NPF6 and acetonitrile as electrolyte, by electrodeposition of PEDOT derivatives substituted with n-C10H21 and n-C12H25 chains, while the polymer films substituted with n-C8H17 and n-C6H13 were hydrophobic and those substituted with n-C4H9 and phenyl were hydrophilic. In the PEDOTHn series, the polymer films were structured only from n-C8H17, which proves the influence of long alkyl chains on both the surface wettability and the surface morphology due to the increase in polymer insolubility. By changing acetonitrile by dichloromethane, as solvent of electropolymerization, it is possible to produce smooth surfaces and as a consequence to determine the chemical and physical parts of the contact angles as well as roughness factors or air fractions following the Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter theories. By changing the salt for the electrodeposition, it also was possible to reach superhydrophobic surfaces even with short alkyl chains as well as without alkyl chains but using perfluorinated salts. In this work the mechanism to reach structured surfaces is also discussed. This work contributes to the formation of bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces.
Highly transparent electrochromic coating material, method for producing the same and use of the material
申请人:Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur
Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
公开号:EP1928000B1
公开(公告)日:2009-05-20
HIGHLY TRANSPARENT ELECTROCHROMIC COATING MATERIAL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME AND USE OF THE MATERIAL
申请人:Cochet Ayse
公开号:US20100189918A1
公开(公告)日:2010-07-29
The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a novel hybrid electrochromic coating material with superior performance in terms of transparency, electrochromic contrast, colouration efficiency, and adhesion, for a use in electrochromic devices for applications where a high transparency is required in the bleached state.