Fluoride-Promoted Cross-Coupling of Chloro(mono-, di-, or triphenyl)germanes with Aryl Halides in “Moist” Toluene. Multiple Transfer of the Phenyl Group from Organogermane Substrates and Comparison of the Coupling Efficiencies of Chloro(phenyl)germanes with their Corresponding Stannane and Silane Counterparts
作者:Jean-Philippe Pitteloud、Zun-Ting Zhang、Yong Liang、Laura Cabrera、Stanislaw F. Wnuk
DOI:10.1021/jo101848f
日期:2010.12.3
efficient activation by fluoride to promote transfer of one, two, or three phenyl groups from the organogermanes. The corresponding chlorophenylstannanes were found to be more reactive than chlorophenylsilanes, which in turn were more effective than chlorophenylgermanes. One chloride ligand on the Ge or Si center allows efficient activation by fluoride to promote transfer of up to three aryl groups
三氯苯基-、二氯二苯基-和氯三苯基锗烷在四丁基氟化铵的甲苯中加入测量的水量。Ge 中心的一个氯化物配体允许氟化物有效活化,以促进一个、两个或三个苯基基团从有机锗烷转移。发现相应的氯苯基锡烷比氯苯基硅烷更具反应性,而氯苯基硅烷又比氯苯基锗烷更有效。Ge 或 Si 中心的一个氯化物配体允许氟化物有效活化,以促进多达三个芳基从锗烷或硅的转移。然而,Sn 中心不需要卤配体,因为在氟化物促进的与芳基卤化物的偶联过程中,四苯基锡有效地转移了多达四个苯基。19 F NMR 研究表明,氟苯基锗烷和高价锗酸盐物质的形成可能是中间体。