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5-氨基-2-(氨基甲基)-6-[5-[3,5-二氨基-2-[3-氨基-6-(氨基甲基)-4,5-二羟基-四氢吡喃-2-基]氧基-6-羟基-环己基]氧基-4-羟基-2-(羟基甲基)四氢呋喃-3-基]氧基-四氢吡喃-3,4-二醇 | 66-86-4

中文名称
5-氨基-2-(氨基甲基)-6-[5-[3,5-二氨基-2-[3-氨基-6-(氨基甲基)-4,5-二羟基-四氢吡喃-2-基]氧基-6-羟基-环己基]氧基-4-羟基-2-(羟基甲基)四氢呋喃-3-基]氧基-四氢吡喃-3,4-二醇
中文别名
——
英文名称
neomycin C
英文别名
neomycin;(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[(1R,2R,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol
5-氨基-2-(氨基甲基)-6-[5-[3,5-二氨基-2-[3-氨基-6-(氨基甲基)-4,5-二羟基-四氢吡喃-2-基]氧基-6-羟基-环己基]氧基-4-羟基-2-(羟基甲基)四氢呋喃-3-基]氧基-四氢吡喃-3,4-二醇化学式
CAS
66-86-4
化学式
C23H46N6O13
mdl
——
分子量
614.651
InChiKey
PGBHMTALBVVCIT-VZXHOKRSSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 沸点:
    658.4°C (rough estimate)
  • 密度:
    1.3548 (rough estimate)
  • 溶解度:
    甲醇(微溶)、水(微溶)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -9
  • 重原子数:
    42
  • 可旋转键数:
    9
  • 环数:
    4.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    1.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    353
  • 氢给体数:
    13
  • 氢受体数:
    19

ADMET

代谢
氨基糖苷类药物不被代谢,主要通过肾小球滤过作用以原形在尿液中排出。/基糖苷类/
Aminoglycosides are not metabolized and are excreted unchanged in the urine primarily by glomerular filtration. /Aminoglycosides/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:新霉素是一种基糖苷类抗生素。它在兽医临床上用作杀菌药物。人类接触和毒性:长期给药可能导致足够的系统药物平,产生神经毒性、耳毒性和/或肾毒性。通常情况下,0.5%新霉素软膏会导致皮炎。然而,新霉素通过正常皮肤的渗透非常缓慢,只有半数临床敏感的人会对0.5%新霉素产生阳性斑贴试验反应。在眼内使用新霉素后,可能会发展出特征性的角膜上皮小雪片状病变,通常伴有刺激性感觉,可能会在使用新霉素后数周内持续存在。报道称,在用极少量新霉素冲洗小和大手术野后,可能会出现迟发型不可逆耳聋、肾衰竭和因神经肌肉阻滞导致的死亡(无论肾功能状况如何)。如果在口服治疗期间出现肾功能不足,应考虑减少药物剂量或停止治疗。在接受氨基糖苷类药物的患者中,罕见报道了严重的过敏反应,如过敏性休克和皮肤反应,包括剥脱性皮炎、中毒性表皮坏死松解、多形红斑、血管性肿和史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征;罕见死亡病例。氨基糖苷类药物之间存在交叉过敏。在人淋巴细胞中,新霉素在姐妹染色单体交换试验中呈阴性,但在染色体畸变分析中呈阳性。动物研究:在豚鼠单次给药后24小时内,未观察到显著刺激,给药的是1毫升新霉素硫酸盐溶液(0-100毫克/毫升)。十二只狗肌肉注射了24、48或96毫克/千克体重/天的新霉素。在最高剂量下,所有狗在1-3周内死亡。血尿素氮增加,肾功能障碍,表现为酚磺酞排泄减少。在大鼠中没有发现致癌性的证据。在一项三代生殖毒性研究中,给大鼠(每组40-20只/性别)通过饲料给予新霉素硫酸盐,剂量为0、6.25、12.5或25毫克/千克体重/天。在所有世代中,没有观察到与治疗相关的任何参数的影响。在小鼠骨髓的细胞遗传学分析中,新霉素呈阳性。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is used in veterinary medicine as a bactericidal drug. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Prolonged administration could result in sufficient systemic drug levels to produce neurotoxicity, ototoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity. Dermatitis is usually caused by ointment with 0.5% neomycin. However, penetration of neomycin through normal skin is so slow that only half of those who are clinically sensitive will develop a positive patch test reaction to 0.5% neomycin. Characteristic lesions of the corneal epithelium in the form of tiny snowflakes, usually associated with sensation of irritation, may develop and may persist for weeks after application of neomycin to the eye is discontinued. Delayed-onset irreversible deafness, renal failure and death due to neuromuscular blockade (regardless of the status of renal function) have been reported following irrigation of both small and large surgical fields with minute quantities of neomycin. If renal insufficiency develops during oral therapy, consideration should be given to reducing the drug dosage or discontinuing therapy. Serious sensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis and dermatologic reactions including exfoliative dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, angioedema, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, have been reported rarely in patients receiving aminoglycosides; fatalities have occurred rarely. Cross-sensitivity occurs among the aminoglycosides. In human lymphocytes neomycin tested negative for sister chromatid exchanges, but it was positive in chromosome aberration assay. ANIMAL STUDIES: No significant irritation was observed 24 hours after the intrapleural administration of single doses of solutions of 1 mL neomycin sulfate (0-100 mg/mL) to guinea pigs. Twelve dogs were injected intramuscularly with 24, 48, or 96 mg/kg bw/day neomycin. At the highest dose all dogs died within 1-3 weeks. Blood urea nitrogen was increased and renal function impaired as shown by decreased phenolsulfonphthalein excretion. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity in rats. In a 3-generation reproductive toxicity study groups of rats (40-20/sex/group) were administered neomycin sulfate via the diet at 0, 6.25, 12.5 or 25 mg/kg bw/day. Through all generations no treatment-related effects were observed in any of the parameters evaluated. Neomycin was positive in cytogenetic assay in mice bone marrow.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响
哺乳期使用总结:尽管没有关于新霉素排入乳汁的信息,但其他基糖苷类抗生素在乳汁中的排泄量很少。新生儿显然会吸收少量氨基糖苷类药物,但血清平远低于治疗新生儿感染时的平,因此新霉素的系统性影响不太可能发生。较大的婴儿吸收的新霉素应该更少。监测婴儿可能出现的影响胃肠道菌群的情况,如腹泻、念珠菌病(如鹅口疮、尿布疹)或罕见的情况下,大便中带血,提示可能存在抗生素相关性结肠炎。 口服、外用、眼科或耳科使用的新霉素在乳汁中的平非常低,对婴儿的风险微乎其微[1][2],尽管乳头局部应用可能会增加婴儿腹泻的风险。只有溶性的乳膏或凝胶产品应该涂抹在乳房上,因为软膏可能会使婴儿通过舔食接触到高平的矿物石蜡[3]。 对哺乳婴儿的影响:截至修订日期,没有找到相关的已发布信息。 对哺乳和乳汁的影响:截至修订日期,没有找到相关的已发布信息。
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Although no information exists on the excretion of neomycin into milk, other aminoglycoside antibiotics are poorly excreted into breastmilk. Newborn infants apparently absorb small amounts of aminoglycosides, but serum levels are far below those attained when treating newborn infections and systemic effects of neomycin are unlikely. Older infants would be expected to absorb even less neomycin. Monitor the infant for possible effects on the gastrointestinal flora, such as diarrhea, candidiasis (e.g., thrush, diaper rash) or rarely, blood in the stool indicating possible antibiotic-associated colitis. Oral, topical, ophthalmic or otic neomycin should result in very low levels in breastmilk and present negligible risk to the infant,[1][2] although topical application to the nipple may increase the risk of diarrhea in the infant. Only water-miscible cream or gel products should be applied to the breast because ointments may expose the infant to high levels of mineral paraffins via licking.[3] ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
毒理性
  • 副作用
皮肤致敏剂 - 一种可以诱导皮肤产生过敏反应的制剂。
Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
  • 相互作用
六价基糖苷类抗生素新霉素对血小板生理反应的影响,如聚集和分泌,以及磷脂酰肌醇代谢的变化进行了研究。新霉素强烈抑制了凝血酶诱导的聚集和分泌,而该抗生素对离子霉素TPA诱导的血小板功能没有影响。凝血酶诱导的肌醇磷脂代谢增强被新霉素的存在强烈抑制,而TPA离子霉素诱导的肌醇(32)P-聚磷脂增加未受影响。比较了其他一些基糖苷类抗生素的抑制作用与新霉素的作用,数据显示,对血小板分泌和磷脂酸生成的抑制取决于抗生素的正电荷。
The effect of the hexacationic aminoglycoside antibiotic, neomycin, on platelet physiological responses, such as aggregation and secretion, as well as changes in phosphoinositide metabolism was studied. Neomycin strongly inhibited thrombin-induced aggregation and secretion whereas the antibiotic had no effect on ionomycin- or TPA-induced platelet functions. The thrombin-induced enhancement of inositol phospholipid metabolism was strongly inhibited by the presence of neomycin whereas the TPA- or ionomycin-induced increase in inositol (32)P-polyphospholipids remained unaffected. The inhibitory effect of some other aminoglycoside antibiotics was compared to that of neomycin and the data demonstrate that the inhibition of platelet secretion and phosphatidic acid production was dependent on the cationic charge of the antibiotic.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
口服新霉素可能会增强口服抗凝剂的效果,可能是通过干扰胃肠道对维生素K的吸收或合成。在接受同时口服基糖苷类和口服抗凝治疗的患者中,应监测凝血酶原时间,并根据需要调整抗凝剂的剂量。
Oral neomycin may potentiate the effects of oral anticoagulants, possibly by interfering with GI absorption or synthesis of vitamin K. Prothrombin times should be monitored in patients receiving concomitant oral aminoglycoside and oral anticoagulant therapy, and dosage of the anticoagulant should be adjusted as required.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
硫酸新霉素从正常的胃肠道的吸收较差。被吸收的小部分会迅速分布到组织中,并通过肾脏排出,排出的量与肾脏功能程度相一致。药物未被吸收的部分(大约97%)以原形在粪便中排出。
Neomycin sulfate is poorly absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract. The small absorbed fraction is rapidly distributed in the tissues and is excreted by the kidney in keeping with the degree of kidney function. The unabsorbed portion of the drug (approximately 97%) is eliminated unchanged in the feces.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
与其他氨基糖苷类药物一样,系统性吸收的链霉素转移到组织中的量会随着每次重复剂量的增加而累积,直到达到稳态。肾脏作为主要的排泄途径和组织结合位点,在肾皮质中浓度最高。随着重复给药,内耳中也会逐渐积累。停止给药后,组织结合的链霉素会缓慢地在几周内释放。
As with other aminoglycosides, the amount of systemically absorbed neomycin transferred to the tissues increases cumulatively with each repeated dose administered until a steady state is achieved. The kidney functions as the primary excretory path as well as the tissue binding site, with the highest concentration found in the renal cortex. With repeated dosings, progressive accumulation also occurs in the inner ear. Release of tissue-bound neomycin occurs slowly over a period of several weeks after dosing has been discontinued.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在一项针对肾功能正常成年人的研究中,单次口服硫酸新霉素4克后,大多数患者在1-4小时内达到2.5-6.1微克/毫升的血浆新霉素峰值浓度;在8小时时可检测到较低血浆浓度的药物,但在24小时时药物已检测不到。
In one study in adults with normal renal function, a single 4-g oral dose of neomycin sulfate produced peak plasma neomycin concentrations of 2.5-6.1 ug/mL 1-4 hours after the dose in most patients; low plasma concentrations of the drug were detectable at 8 hours but the drug was undetectable at 24 hours.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在接受1克口服硫酸新霉素和1克口服红霉素的成人中,分别于结肠直肠手术前19、18和9小时给药,硫酸新霉素的平均峰值血清浓度为0.59微克/毫升,在第一次给药后12小时达到(即第三次给药后2小时)。
In adults who received 1-g doses of oral neomycin sulfate and 1-g doses of oral erythromycin at 19, 18, and 9 hours before colorectal surgery, mean peak serum concentrations of neomycin were 0.59 ug/mL and were attained 12 hours after the first dose (i.e., 2 hours after the third dose).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

SDS

SDS:815d1bba42abc4f2406701738774f48f
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上下游信息

  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

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文献信息

  • ANTIBACTERIAL AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANALOGS
    申请人:Aggen James Bradley
    公开号:US20110275586A1
    公开(公告)日:2011-11-10
    Compounds having antibacterial activity are disclosed. The compounds have the following structure (I): including stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, wherein Q 1 , Q 2 , Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.
    本文披露了具有抗菌活性的化合物。该化合物具有以下结构(I):包括立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐和前药,其中Q1、Q2、Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、R1、R2和R3的定义如本文所述。本文还披露了与制备和使用此类化合物相关的方法,以及包含此类化合物的制药组合物。
  • US8399419B2
    申请人:——
    公开号:US8399419B2
    公开(公告)日:2013-03-19
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