Iridium complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes in C–H borylation using energy efficient microwave technology: influence of structure, ligand donor strength and counter ion on catalytic activity
作者:Christoph F. Rentzsch、Evangeline Tosh、Wolfgang A. Herrmann、Fritz E. Kühn
DOI:10.1039/b913055c
日期:——
Bridged and unbridged N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands were metalated with [Ir(COD)Cl]2 to give iridium(I) mono- and biscarbene substituted catalysts [Ir(COD)NHC(Cl)] and [Ir(COD)(NHC)2][X] (X: I, PF6, BF4, CF3COO, OTf). The prepared NHC-complexes were tested in the CâH borylation reaction of aromatic carbons with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) and pinacolborane (HBpin). The use of microwave technology in this study not only facilitates a time efficient screening of a wide range of influences such as ligand Ï-donor strength and structural motif as well as the effects of the complex counter ion, but also provides an energy efficient heating source. Catalyst 6TFA, which features a chelating NHC ligand, proved to be most effective catalyst and further investigations with this complex in the borylation of mono- and disubstituted benzene derivatives exploring chemo- and regioselectivity were undertaken.
桥联和非桥联的N-杂环卡宾(NHC)配体与[Ir(COD)Cl]2金属化,生成铱(I)单卡宾和双卡宾取代催化剂[Ir(COD)NHC(Cl)]和[Ir(COD)(NHC)2][X](X: I, PF6, BF4, CF3COO, OTf)。所制备的NHC-复杂物在芳香碳与双(皮卡啉酸)二硼(B2pin2)和皮卡啉硼烷(HBpin)的C–H硼化反应中进行了测试。本研究中使用微波技术不仅促进了对于配体σ-供体强度、结构特征以及复合离子的影响等多种因素的高效筛选,同时也提供了一种节能的加热源。具有螯合NHC配体的催化剂6TFA被证明是最有效的催化剂,后续对该复合物在单取代和双取代苯衍生物的硼化反应中进行化学选择性和区域选择性的进一步研究。