Synthesis and characterization of the 6-deaza derivative of coenzyme PQQ, methyl 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxobenz[g]indole-2-carboxylate
摘要:
The synthesis of the 6-deaza derivative of coenzyme PQQ, methyl 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxobenz[g]indole-2-carboxylate (4), is described, and its physical and chemical properties are compared to those of the trimethyl ester of PQQ (2) and the methyl ester of 7,9-didecarboxy PQQ (3). The synthesis of 4 was achieved by starting with 1-aminonaphthalene and constructing 2-carbomethoxybenz[g]indole (7) by a Japp-Klingemann reaction with methyl alpha-methylacetoacetate and a subsequent Fischer indolization reaction. The quinone function was introduced by a Fremy's salt oxidation of 5-aminoindole 9 which was prepared from 7 by regioselective nitration and catalytic hydrogenation. From the physical properties, it can be recognized that the peri pyridine nitrogen and the ester groups at the 7- and 9-positions considerably affect the electronic nature of the molecules. This is reflected on the reactivities of the quinones in the acetone-adduct formation, the reaction with phenylhydrazine, and the aerobic autorecycling oxidation of benzylamine. The significant roles of the pyridine nitrogen and the ester groups in these reactions are discussed.
The synthesis of the 6-deaza derivative of coenzyme PQQ, methyl 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxobenz[g]indole-2-carboxylate (4), is described, and its physical and chemical properties are compared to those of the trimethyl ester of PQQ (2) and the methyl ester of 7,9-didecarboxy PQQ (3). The synthesis of 4 was achieved by starting with 1-aminonaphthalene and constructing 2-carbomethoxybenz[g]indole (7) by a Japp-Klingemann reaction with methyl alpha-methylacetoacetate and a subsequent Fischer indolization reaction. The quinone function was introduced by a Fremy's salt oxidation of 5-aminoindole 9 which was prepared from 7 by regioselective nitration and catalytic hydrogenation. From the physical properties, it can be recognized that the peri pyridine nitrogen and the ester groups at the 7- and 9-positions considerably affect the electronic nature of the molecules. This is reflected on the reactivities of the quinones in the acetone-adduct formation, the reaction with phenylhydrazine, and the aerobic autorecycling oxidation of benzylamine. The significant roles of the pyridine nitrogen and the ester groups in these reactions are discussed.