Ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> as a route to methyl esters for use as biofuels or fine chemicals
作者:Zheng Wang、Ziwei Zhao、Yong Li、Yanxia Zhong、Qiuyue Zhang、Qingbin Liu、Gregory A. Solan、Yanping Ma、Wen-Hua Sun
DOI:10.1039/d0sc02942d
日期:——
diphosphine–ruthenium(II) complex has been developed that can efficiently catalyze both the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol and its in situ condensation with carboxylic acids to form methyl esters; a TON of up to 3260 is achievable for the CO2 to methanol step. Both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids can be transformed to their corresponding methyl esters with high conversion and selectivity (17 aliphatic
Modulating the propeller-like shape of a tripodal C(CH2PPh2)3 fragment by the size of the substituent at the pivotal carbon atom in macrobicyclic tri-λ5-phosphazenes
The chiral macrobicyclic tri-λ5-phosphazenes formed by tripod–tripod coupling of tris(3-azidobenzyl)amines and 1,1,1-tris[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]methanes present helical topologies as a result of combining two propeller-shaped tripodal fragments with the same sense of twist. The introduction of a series of Rpiv substituents of increasing size at the pivotal carbon of the lower tert-butane fragment
Method for producing tertiary phosphines by reacting a compound of the general formula (I)
in which
A is R
1
or L
2
,
B is R
2
or L
3
,
the R
1
and R
2
radicals are each independently an organic radical having in each case from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, where the R
1
and R
2
radicals may also be joined together; and
the leaving groups L
1
to L
3
are each independently halogen, alkyloxy having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or aryloxy having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms
(a) with an alkali metal in an organic aprotic solvent and
(b) a compound of the general formula (II)
L
4
-R
3
(II)
in which
the R
3
radical is an organic radical having in each case from
1
to
30
carbon atoms; and
the leaving group L
4
is halogen, alkyloxy having from
1
to
10
carbon atoms or aryloxy having from
6
to
10
carbon atoms,
in which the resulting reaction mixture is hydrolyzed with an aqueous base which has a pH of ≧
10
and the organic phase is removed from the aqueous phase.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALCOHOL BY HYDROGENATING LACTONE AND CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER IN LIQUID PHASE
申请人:Maeda Hirofumi
公开号:US20100113842A1
公开(公告)日:2010-05-06
Disclosed is a method for producing an alcohol from a lactone or a carboxylic acid ester, which enables to produce an alcohol from a lactone or a carboxylic acid ester under relatively mild conditions with high yield and high catalytic efficiency. This method also enables to produce an optically active alcohol from an optically active lactone or an optically active carboxylic acid ester. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing an alcohol by hydrogen reducing a lactone or a carboxylic acid ester in the presence of a catalyst containing ruthenium and a phosphine compound represented by the following general formula (1):
wherein R
1
represents a spacer; R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
5
, R
6
and R
7
independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; and R
8
, R
9
, R
10
, R
11
, R
12
and R
13
independently represent an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
POLYMER ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION, AND POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE, MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY AND SOLID POLYMER FUEL CELL EACH USING SAME
申请人:TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.
公开号:US20140377686A1
公开(公告)日:2014-12-25
Provided are: a practically excellent polymer electrolyte composition having excellent chemical stability of being resistant to strong oxidizing atmosphere during operation of fuel cell, and achieving excellent proton conductivity under low-humidification conditions, excellent mechanical strength and physical durability; a polymer electrolyte membrane, a membrane electrode assembly, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell each using the same. The polymer electrolyte composition of the present invention comprises at least an ionic group-containing polymer (A) and a phosphorus-containing additive (B), the phosphorus-containing additive (B) being at least one of a phosphine compound and a phosphinite compound. The polymer electrolyte membrane, the membrane electrode assembly, and the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention are structured by the polymer electrolyte composition.