Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of cosalane analogues incorporating two dichlorodisalicylmethane pharmacophore fragments
摘要:
A new series of cosalane analogues incorporating two fragments of the dichlorodisalicylmethane pharmacophore has been synthesized. In order to identify the position for the attachment of the pharmacophore fragments to the steroid ring that results in the most potent analogues, two types of compounds were designed. In the first type, the two pharmacophore fragments were attached at C-3 and C-17 of the steroid ring by using appropriate linker units. In the second type, both pharmacophore groups were connected to C-3 of the steroid through an alkenyl chain containing an amide moiety. All of the new compounds displayed antiviral activity versus HIV-1(RF), HIV-1(IIIB), and HIV-2(ROD) in cell culture. The relative potencies of the compounds resulting from the two attachment strategies were found to depend on the viral strain as well as the cell type, Overall, the attachment of the second pharmacophore did not result in either a large gain or a large loss in anti-HIV activity, and the results are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that the two pharmacophores act independently, and one at a time, with positively charged amino acid side chains present on the surface of gp120 and CD4. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Novel Modifications in the Alkenyldiarylmethane (ADAM) Series of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
摘要:
In an effort to obtain more insight into the interaction between HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the alkenyldiarylmethanes (ADAMs), a new series of compounds has been synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of HIV-1 replication. The modifications reported in this new series include primarily changes to the alkenyl chain. The most potent compound proved to be methyl 3', 3 "-dibromo-4',4 "-dimethoxy-5',5 "-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-6,6-diphenyl-5-hexanoate (28), which displayed an EC50 of 1.3 nM for inhibition of the cytopathic effect of HIV-1(RF) in CEM-SS cells. ADAM 28 inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 0.3 mu M. Mutations that conferred greater than 10-fold resistance to ADAM 28 clustered at residues Val 106, Val 179, Tyr 181, and Tyr 188. Results derived from this series indicate that ADAMs containing chlorines in the aromatic rings might bind to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in a slightly different mode when compared with those analogues incorporating bromine in the aromatic rings.
The Biological Effects of Structural Variation at the Meta Position of the Aromatic Rings and at the End of the Alkenyl Chain in the Alkenyldiarylmethane Series of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
作者:Guozhang Xu、Mark Micklatcher、Maximilian A. Silvestri、Tracy L. Hartman、Jennifer Burrier、Mark C. Osterling、Heather Wargo、Jim A. Turpin、Robert W. Buckheit,、Mark Cushman
DOI:10.1021/jm010212m
日期:2001.11.1
In an effort to elucidate a set of structure-activityrelationships in the alkenyldiarylmethane (ADAM) series of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, a number of modifications were made at two locations: (1) the meta positions of the two aromatic rings and (2) the end of the alkenyl chain. Forty-two new ADAMs were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of the cytopathic effect of HIV-1(RF)
Novel Modifications in the Alkenyldiarylmethane (ADAM) Series of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
作者:Agustin Casimiro-Garcia、Mark Micklatcher、Jim A. Turpin、Tracy L. Stup、Karen Watson、Robert W. Buckheit、Mark Cushman
DOI:10.1021/jm990343b
日期:1999.11.1
In an effort to obtain more insight into the interaction between HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the alkenyldiarylmethanes (ADAMs), a new series of compounds has been synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of HIV-1 replication. The modifications reported in this new series include primarily changes to the alkenyl chain. The most potent compound proved to be methyl 3', 3 "-dibromo-4',4 "-dimethoxy-5',5 "-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-6,6-diphenyl-5-hexanoate (28), which displayed an EC50 of 1.3 nM for inhibition of the cytopathic effect of HIV-1(RF) in CEM-SS cells. ADAM 28 inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 0.3 mu M. Mutations that conferred greater than 10-fold resistance to ADAM 28 clustered at residues Val 106, Val 179, Tyr 181, and Tyr 188. Results derived from this series indicate that ADAMs containing chlorines in the aromatic rings might bind to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in a slightly different mode when compared with those analogues incorporating bromine in the aromatic rings.
Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of cosalane analogues incorporating two dichlorodisalicylmethane pharmacophore fragments
作者:Agustin Casimiro-Garcia、Erik De Clercq、Christophe Pannecouque、Myriam Witvrouw、Tracy L Loftus、Jim A Turpin、Robert W Buckheit、Phillip E Fanwick、Mark Cushman
DOI:10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00152-3
日期:2001.11
A new series of cosalane analogues incorporating two fragments of the dichlorodisalicylmethane pharmacophore has been synthesized. In order to identify the position for the attachment of the pharmacophore fragments to the steroid ring that results in the most potent analogues, two types of compounds were designed. In the first type, the two pharmacophore fragments were attached at C-3 and C-17 of the steroid ring by using appropriate linker units. In the second type, both pharmacophore groups were connected to C-3 of the steroid through an alkenyl chain containing an amide moiety. All of the new compounds displayed antiviral activity versus HIV-1(RF), HIV-1(IIIB), and HIV-2(ROD) in cell culture. The relative potencies of the compounds resulting from the two attachment strategies were found to depend on the viral strain as well as the cell type, Overall, the attachment of the second pharmacophore did not result in either a large gain or a large loss in anti-HIV activity, and the results are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that the two pharmacophores act independently, and one at a time, with positively charged amino acid side chains present on the surface of gp120 and CD4. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.