Rational Design of Aldol Reactions That Proceed via Kinetic Resolution with Switchable Enantioselectivity
作者:Dale E. Ward、Fabiola Becerril-Jimenez、M. Mehdi Zahedi
DOI:10.1021/jo900716a
日期:2009.6.19
hydroxy-protected derivatives of ketone 1 (R = MOM, Et3Si, or Ac) undergo aldol reactions with high diastereoface selectivity to give 3,5-trans adducts. High levels of anti and syn relative topicity were obtained with dicyclohexylboron enolates and Ti(OiPr)4Li “ate” enolates, respectively. Using these enolates, aldol reactions of (±)-2 with (±)-1 gave two of the eight possible diastereomeric adducts (3 from
Aldol Reactions with Kinetic Resolution: Scope and Limitations of Ketal- and Dithioketal-Protected β-Ketoaldehydes
作者:Dale E. Ward、Alieh Kazemeini
DOI:10.1021/jo302142v
日期:2012.12.7
The multiplicativity rule suggests that aldol coupling chiral reactants will proceed with substantial mutual kinetic enantioselection (MKE) (racemic reactants) or via a highly enantioselective kinetic resolution (KR) (one enantiopure reactant) if the relative topicity is highly selective and the ketone enolate and aldehyde each have high diastereoface selectivity. The scope and limitations of that paradigm were explored by determining the stereoselectivities of aldol reactions ketone 1a (known to give 3,5-trans aldol adducts with high selectivity) with a series of ketal- and dithioketal-protected beta-ketoaldehydes (+/-)-5 (predicted to have high Felkin diastereoface selectivity). Using racemic reactants, all reactions of the (c-Hex)(2)B enolates (highly anti-selective relative topicity) were remarkably selective and gave the 3,5-trans-3,1 ''-anti-1 '',2 ''-syn adduct, one of eight possible diastereomers, via a diastereomers, via a diastereoselective (dr > 20) preferential reaction (MKE > 17) of like reactant enantiomers [i.e., (3R)-1a + (R)-5 and (3S)-1a + (S)-5]. Reactions of the corresponding Ti(IV) "ate" enolates (anticipated syn-selective relative topicity) were much less selective, and only those of MOM-protected 1a with dithiolane-protected (+/-)-5 (i.e., X = S, n = 1) gave high selectivity in favor of the 3,5-trans-3,1 ''-syn-1 '', 2 ''-syn adduct via a diastereoselective (dr > 20) preferential reaction (MKE >= 6) of unlike reactant enantiomers [i.e., (3R)-1a (R = MOM) with (+/-)-5c (R-2 = Me, X = S, n = 1) occured withKR to give the corresponding enantiopure adducrs with the expected stereoselectivity. The adducts have applications in polyproionate synthesis.