Polymers containing ring-strain energy. 1. New monomers and polymers based on cyclopropane, norbornadiene, and quadricyclane
作者:Michael E. Wright、Gary D. Allred、Robert B. Wardle、Louis F. Cannizzo
DOI:10.1021/jo00067a055
日期:1993.7
The synthesis and polymerization chemistry of 1,1-bis(XCH2)cyclopropane 1, X = OH; 4, X = I} was studied. Treatment of 1 with base in the presence of alpha,omega-dihalides did not produce a polyether. However, treatment of 4 with the bis(alkoxide) derived from hexanediol afforded a polyether of low molecular weight M(n) = 3000, PD = 3}. A general method for alkylating norbornadiene in the 2-position was developed. Treatment of norbornadiene with tert-BuOK, tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), n-BuLi, and tributylchloroetannane (in that order) afforded 2-(tributylstannyl)norbornadiene in excellent yield. On the other hand, carbon electrophiles eg. bromobutane, 1,4-dibromobutane, and 2,3-dichloropropene} required the generation of the 2-(lithiocyanocuprate) in order to effect clean alkylation. Treatment of 2-[3-(2-chloropropenyl)]norbornadiene (8a) with RMgX where R = vinyl and phenyl} in the presence of (dppp)NiCl2 afforded the cross-coupling products 2-(XCH2)-norbornadiene 9, X = 2-buta-1,3-dienyl; 10, X = alpha-styryl; respectively} in high yield. Polymerization of 9 in THF initiated by n-BuLi resulted in an elastomeric polymer (12) [M(n) = 18,000, PD = 1.5]. Photolysis of 12 in the presence of (Ph3P)2CuBr converted the pendant norbornadiene to quadricyclane (13). Heating of the photoisomerized sample to 180-degrees-C caused an exothermic (by DSC) reaction which corresponded to 59% of theory (using the value 26 kcal/mol: quadricyclane --> norbornadiene).