Anti-biofilm and anti-adherence properties of novel cyclic dipeptides against oral pathogens
摘要:
Microorganisms embedded in a biofilm are significantly more resistant to antimicrobial agents and the defences of the human immune system, than their planktonic counterpart. Consequently, compounds that can inhibit biofilm formation are of great interest for novel therapeutics. In this study, a screening approach was used to identify novel cyclic dipeptides that have anti-biofilm activity against oral pathogens. Five new active compounds were identified that prevent biofilm formation by the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans and the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. These compounds also inhibit the adherence of microorganisms to a hydroxylapatite surface. Further investigations were conducted on these compounds to establish the structure-activity relationship, and it was deduced that the common cleft pattern is required for these molecules to act effectively against biofilms.
We synthesised a library of cis- and trans-cyclic dipeptides and evaluated their efficacy as catalysts in the asymmetric Weitz-Scheffer epoxidation of trans-chalcone. A thorough investigation relying on structure-activity studies and computational studies provided insights into the mechanism of the process. Our results revealed some structural features required for efficient conversion and for introduction of chirality into the product. The cyclic dipeptide acts as a catalyst by templating a supramolecular arrangement at the aqueous-organic interface required for efficient transformations to occur. Among all cyclic dipeptides investigated, cyclo(Leu-Leu) was the most efficient supramolecular catalyst.[GRAPHICS].
Synthesis and antimetastatic properties of stereoisomeric tricyclic bis(dioxopiperazines) in the Lewis lung carcinoma model
作者:Donald T. Witiak、Raghunathan V. Nair、Franz A. Schmid
DOI:10.1021/jm00147a018
日期:1985.9
Synthesis of trans- and cis-tetrahydrodipyrazino[1,2-a:1',2'-d] pyrazine-1,3,7,9(2H,4H,8H,10H)-tetrone analogues 10 and 11 belonging to the bis(dioxopiperazine) class of antitumor agents and their bis(morpholinomethyl) derivatives 12 and 13 are described with use of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine as the starting material. Synthetic studies utilizing 3,6-disubstituted 2,5-dioxopiperazine precursors are included. Evaluation of 10-13 in the Lewis Lung carcinoma model indicated the bis(morpholinomethyl) analogue cis-13 to be antimetastatic, whereas the trans isomer 12 was toxic at a similar dose effecting a decrease in the life span of treated mice. The parent bis(dioxopiperazines) 10 and 11 were ineffective as antitumor or antimetastatic drugs.