Mild Synthesis of a Family of Planar Triazinium Cations via Proton-Assisted Cyclization of Pyridyl Containing Azo Compounds and Studies on DNA Intercalation
作者:M. Sinan、M. Panda、A. Ghosh、K. Dhara、P. E. Fanwick、D. J. Chattopadhyay、S. Goswami
DOI:10.1021/ja710211u
日期:2008.4.1
An efficient synthesis of a family of heteroaromatic triazinium compounds, [2a]X-[2g]X (X= Cl, ClO4, NO3, and HSO4), from 2-(arylazo)pyridines via proton-catalyzed heterocyclization is described. Characterization of the compounds is made by different spectroscopic, electrochemical techniques, as well as single-crystal structure determination of the triflate salt of a representative compound, [2a]CF3SO3. The bond parameters indicate that the tricyclo compound, 2a(+), is planar and aromatic with a N-N bond length of 1.275(6) angstrom. These exhibited fluorescence with an emission maximum in the range of 540-535 nm with moderate quantum yields. The triazinium salts can be reduced in two successive one-electron steps as probed by cyclic voltammetry and coulometry. The paramagnetic radical intermediate 2a(center dot) is distinguished by a sharp and intense EPR spectrum. Fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, cyclic voltammetry, viscosity measurements, together with DNA melting studies have been used to characterize the binding of 2a+ with calf thymus DNA. The emission quenching of the compound by [Fe(CN)(6)](4-) decreased when bound to DNA. As determined by a MTT assay, 2a+ exhibited significant cytotoxicity at a higher concentration range of 1 mg/mL to 1 mu g/mL; however, the % survival ratio increased with dilution. Cellular uptake studies of the referenced compound were followed by FACS analysis.