喹啉和异喹啉是苯并吡啶的两个异构体,均存在于煤焦油中。它们及其许多取代衍生物可通过将苯衍生物环化成环而制得。其中,喹啉的合成方法主要是通过加热苯胺、甘油与硫酸及氧化剂(如硝基苯)反应,进而生成丙烯醛并与苯胺发生加成反应。利用各种苯胺衍生物和其他α,β-不饱和羰基化合物,则可以合成具有不同取代基的喹啉化合物,例如4-甲基喹啉(勒皮啶)便是由苯胺和甲基-乙烯基酮制得。
其他喹啉类化合物如2-甲基喹啉(喹哪啶)则通过邻氨基苯甲醛与丙酮缩合而合成。总的来说,喹啉及其同系物属于含氮杂双环芳烃类化合物,俗称重吡啶,并与吡啶一起统称为焦油碱,是高温煤焦油加工的产物。主要成分包括喹啉、异喹啉、甲基喹啉和二甲基喹啉等,集中在煤焦油的萘油馏分和洗油馏分中,含量约为0.3~0.5%。
这些化合物具有特殊的气味,并在暴露于空气或阳光下时逐渐变深。它们广泛应用于医药、染料、感光材料、橡胶、溶剂及化学试剂等领域。喹啉主要用于制造烟酸系、8-羟基喹啉系和奎宁系药物,如烟酸胺、强心剂、兴奋剂和治绦虫病药;8-羟基喹啉则用于制备治疗阿米巴虫病的药品、创伤消毒剂及防霉剂等。此外,伯氨奎宁、氯化奎宁和羟氨奎宁是合成的治疟疾特效药物。
异喹啉主要用于生产杀虫剂、抗疟药、橡胶硫化促进剂及测定稀有金属所需的化学试剂;甲基喹啉则用于制造彩色胶片增感剂和染料,并作为溶剂、浸渍剂和腐蚀抑制剂等。总体而言,这些化合物的应用范围广泛且重要。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 喹啉-4-羧酸 | 4-quinolinic acid | 486-74-8 | C10H7NO2 |
| 喹啉-4-硫代甲酰胺 | quinoline-4-carbothioic acid amide | 74585-98-1 | C10H8N2S |
| 喹啉-4-甲腈 | quinoline-4-carbonitrile | 2973-27-5 | C10H6N2 |
| 喹啉-4-氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl quinolin-4-ylcarbamate | 220844-45-1 | C14H16N2O2 |
| 喹啉-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl quinolone-3-carboxylate | 53951-84-1 | C11H9NO2 |
| 喹啉-3-羧酸 | quinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 6480-68-8 | C10H7NO2 |
| 喹啉-3-硼酸盐酸盐 | Quinolin-3-ylboronic acid hydrochloride | 850568-71-7 | C9H9BClNO2 |
| 喹啉-3-硼酸 | quinolin-3-ylboronic acid | 191162-39-7 | C9H8BNO2 |
| 喹啉-3-甲胺 | (3-quinolinylmethyl)amine | 7521-70-2 | C10H10N2 |
| 喹啉-3-基甲醇 | 3-Hydroxymethylquinoline | 13669-51-7 | C10H9NO |
| 喹啉-2-羧酰胺盐酸盐 | 2-amidinoquinoline hydrochloride | 110177-05-4 | C10H9N3*ClH |
| 喹啉-2-甲醛 | quinoline 2-carbaldehyde | 5470-96-2 | C10H7NO |
| 喹啉-2-二苯基甲醇 | diphenyl(quinolin-2-yl)methanol | 30836-61-4 | C22H17NO |
| 喹啉-2,4-二羧酸 | quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid | 5323-57-9 | C11H7NO4 |
| 喹啉-2,4(1h,3h)-二酮 | quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione | 52851-41-9 | C9H7NO2 |
| 喹啉 | quinoline | 91-22-5 | C9H7N |
| 喹哪啶酸钠盐 | Sodium;quinoline-2-carboxylic acid | 16907-79-2 | C10H7NNaO2+ |
| 喹哪啶酸 | 2-quinaldic acid | 93-10-7 | C10H7NO2 |
| 吲哚并[3,2-b]咔唑 | 5H,11H-indolo[3,2-b]carbazole | 6336-32-9 | C18H12N2 |
| 吡咯烷,1-丁基-2-乙烯基-4-甲基-(9CI) | 3,6-Diamino-chinolin | 7200-62-6 | C9H9N3 |
| 双脱乙基氯喹 | N,N-Dideethylchloroquine | 4298-14-0 | C14H18ClN3 |
| 十氢异喹啉-6-醇 | Decahydroisoquinolin-6-ol | 725228-44-4 | C9H17NO |
| 十氢喹啉 | decahydroquinoline | 2051-28-7 | C9H17N |
| 匹伐他汀钙中间体K6 | ethyl (3R,5S)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate | 172336-32-2 | C27H28FNO4 |
| 八氢-2H-喹啉-1-甲醇 | lupinine | 10159-79-2 | C10H19NO |
| 八氢-2,6-喹啉二酮 | 1,3,4,4a,5,7,8,8a-octahydro-2,6-quinolinedione | 179685-97-3 | C9H13NO2 |
| 仲丁基喹啉 | 6-sec-butylquinoline | 65442-31-1 | C13H15N |
| 二苯并[f,h]喹啉 | dibenzo[f,h]quinoline | 217-65-2 | C17H11N |
| 二氯[2-(4,5-二氢-2-噁唑基)喹啉]钯(II) | [Pd(quinox)Cl<sub>2</sub>] | 1150097-98-5 | C12H10Cl2N2OPd |
| 二乙基喹啉 | 2,6-Diethylquinoline | 68228-10-4 | C13H15N |
| 乙氧基喹啉盐酸 | 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline hydrochloride | 3659-01-6 | C14H19NO*ClH |
| 乙基7-氯-8-氰基-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧杂-1,4-二氢喹啉-3-羧酸酯 | ethyl 7-chloro-8-cyano-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate | 117528-64-0 | C16H12ClFN2O3 |
| S-三唑并[4,3-a]喹啉 | 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]-quinoline | 235-06-3 | C10H7N3 |
| N7-甲基喹啉-7,8-二胺 | N7-methylquinoline-7,8-diamine | 1076198-84-9 | C10H11N3 |
| N-苄基氯化辛可宁丁 | N-benzylcinchonidinium chloride | 69257-04-1 | C26H29N2O*Cl |
| N-苄基氯化辛可宁 | N-benzylcinchoninium chloride | 69221-14-3 | C26H29N2O*Cl |
| N-苄基氯化喹啶嗡 | N-benzylquinidinium chloride | 77481-82-4 | C27H31N2O2*Cl |
| N-苄基奎宁氯 | (-)-N-benzylquininium chloride | 67174-25-8 | C27H31N2O2*Cl |
| N-甲基-6-喹啉甲胺 | N-methyl-N-(quinolin-6-ylmethyl)amine | 179873-36-0 | C11H12N2 |
| N-甲基-1-喹啉-5-基甲胺 | N-methyl-1-quinolin-5-ylmethanamine | 120139-90-4 | C11H12N2 |
| N-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉-6-甲酸 | 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-6-carboxylic acid | 162648-46-6 | C11H13NO2 |
| N-氧化喹啉水合物 | quinoline 1-oxide monohydrate | 64201-64-5 | C9H7NO*H2O |
| N-异戊基-4-甲基喹啉碘盐 | 1-isopentyl-4-methyl-quinolinium; iodide | 94319-01-4 | C15H20N*I |
| N-去甲基化贝达喹啉 | N-Monodesmethyl bedaquiline | 861709-47-9 | C31H29BrN2O2 |
| N-乙基碘化喹醛啶 | 1-ethyl-2-methylquinolinium iodide | 606-55-3 | C12H14N*I |
| N-(喹啉-8-基)甲酰胺 | N-(quinolin-8-yl)formamide | 62937-22-8 | C10H8N2O |
| N-(5-溴-8-喹啉基)乙酰胺 | N-(5-bromoquinolin-8-yl)acetamide | 99851-80-6 | C11H9BrN2O |
| N-(4-溴苯基)-3-苯基丙酰氨 | N-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide | 316146-27-7 | C15H14BrNO |
| N-(4-氯-3-氰基-7-乙氧基喹啉-6-基)乙酰胺 | N-(4-chloro-3-cyano-7-ethoxyquinolin-6-yl)acetamide | 848133-76-6 | C14H12ClN3O2 |
| N-(3-氰基-7-乙氧基-4-羟基喹啉-6-基)乙酰胺 | N-(3-cyano-7-ethoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)acetamide | 848133-75-5 | C14H13N3O3 |