喹啉和异喹啉是苯并吡啶的两个异构体,均存在于煤焦油中。它们及其许多取代衍生物可通过将苯衍生物环化成环而制得。其中,喹啉的合成方法主要是通过加热苯胺、甘油与硫酸及氧化剂(如硝基苯)反应,进而生成丙烯醛并与苯胺发生加成反应。利用各种苯胺衍生物和其他α,β-不饱和羰基化合物,则可以合成具有不同取代基的喹啉化合物,例如4-甲基喹啉(勒皮啶)便是由苯胺和甲基-乙烯基酮制得。
其他喹啉类化合物如2-甲基喹啉(喹哪啶)则通过邻氨基苯甲醛与丙酮缩合而合成。总的来说,喹啉及其同系物属于含氮杂双环芳烃类化合物,俗称重吡啶,并与吡啶一起统称为焦油碱,是高温煤焦油加工的产物。主要成分包括喹啉、异喹啉、甲基喹啉和二甲基喹啉等,集中在煤焦油的萘油馏分和洗油馏分中,含量约为0.3~0.5%。
这些化合物具有特殊的气味,并在暴露于空气或阳光下时逐渐变深。它们广泛应用于医药、染料、感光材料、橡胶、溶剂及化学试剂等领域。喹啉主要用于制造烟酸系、8-羟基喹啉系和奎宁系药物,如烟酸胺、强心剂、兴奋剂和治绦虫病药;8-羟基喹啉则用于制备治疗阿米巴虫病的药品、创伤消毒剂及防霉剂等。此外,伯氨奎宁、氯化奎宁和羟氨奎宁是合成的治疟疾特效药物。
异喹啉主要用于生产杀虫剂、抗疟药、橡胶硫化促进剂及测定稀有金属所需的化学试剂;甲基喹啉则用于制造彩色胶片增感剂和染料,并作为溶剂、浸渍剂和腐蚀抑制剂等。总体而言,这些化合物的应用范围广泛且重要。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-喹啉甲酸 | 6-fluoro-7-chloro-1-methylamino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 88569-39-5 | C11H8ClFN2O3 |
| 4-喹啉乙酸 | [4]quinolyl-acetic acid | 109922-57-8 | C11H9NO2 |
| 4-喹啉丙酸 | 4-quinolinylpropanoic acid | 67752-29-8 | C12H11NO2 |
| 4-喹啉-羧酰胺 | quinoline-4-carboxamide | 4363-95-5 | C10H8N2O |
| 4-呋喃-7-羟基甲基喹啉 | 4-Furan-3-YL-7-hydroxymethylquinoline | 168154-44-7 | C14H11NO2 |
| 4-乙酰氨基喹啉 | <i>N</i>-quinolin-4-yl-acetamide | 32433-28-6 | C11H10N2O |
| 4-乙酰基喹啉 | 4-acetylquinoline | 60814-30-4 | C11H9NO |
| 4-乙炔基喹啉 | 4-ethynylquinoline | 62484-52-0 | C11H7N |
| 4-乙氧基喹啉 | 4-ethoxyquinoline | 13720-91-7 | C11H11NO |
| 4-乙基-3-苯基异喹啉 | 4-ethyl-3-phenylisoquinoline | 385416-18-2 | C17H15N |
| 4-丙基喹啉 | 4-propylquinoline | 20668-44-4 | C12H13N |
| 4-三氟甲基喹啉-2-甲酸 | 4-trifluoromethyl-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid | 588702-67-4 | C11H6F3NO2 |
| 4-三氟甲基喹啉-2-甲腈 | 4-Trifluormethyl-chinaldonitril | 25199-89-7 | C11H5F3N2 |
| 4-三氟甲基-2-羟基喹啉 | 4-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one | 25199-84-2 | C10H6F3NO |
| 4-[(7-氯-4-喹啉基)氨基]-1-戊醇 | 4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)pentan-1-ol | 10500-64-8 | C14H17ClN2O |
| 4-(溴甲基)喹啉氢溴酸 | 4-bromomethyl quinoline hydrobromide | 73870-28-7 | BrH*C10H8BrN |
| 4-(氯甲基)喹啉盐酸盐 | 4-(chloromethyl)-quinoline hydrochloride | 1822-57-7 | C10H8ClN*ClH |
| 4-(氯甲基)喹啉 | 4-(chloromethyl)quinoline | 5632-17-7 | C10H8ClN |
| 4-(4-二甲氨基苯乙烯基)喹啉 | quinoline-vinyl-N,N-dimethylaniline | 897-55-2 | C19H18N2 |
| 4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二噁硼烷-2-基)-喹啉 | 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)quinoline | 1035458-54-8 | C15H18BNO2 |
| 4-(2-羟基乙基)氨基喹啉 | 4-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)quinoline | 116289-25-9 | C11H12N2O |
| 4-(2-氨基乙基)氨基喹啉 | N 1-(quinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine | 259731-83-4 | C11H13N3 |
| 4-(2-氟-4-硝基苯氧基)喹啉-7-醇 | 4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenoxy)quinolin-7-ol | 1394820-98-4 | C15H9FN2O4 |
| 4-(2-喹啉甲氧基)苯胺 | 2-(4-aminophenoxymethyl)quinoline | 105326-95-2 | C16H14N2O |
| 4-(1H-4-吡唑)喹啉 | 4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)quinoline | 439106-49-7 | C12H9N3 |
| 4,8-二羟基喹啉-3-羧酸 | 4,8-Dihydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 1131580-58-9 | C10H7NO4 |
| 4,8-二羟基喹啉-2-甲酸 | xanthurenic acid | 59-00-7 | C10H7NO4 |
| 4,8-二羟基喹啉 | 8-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinolone | 53846-46-1 | C9H7NO2 |
| 4,8-二羟基喹啉 | 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl oxoacetic acid | 10118-81-7 | C8H6O5 |
| 4,8-二甲氧基喹啉-2-羧酸 | 4,8-dimethoxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid | 28027-15-8 | C12H11NO4 |
| 4,8-二甲基喹啉-2-硫醇 | 4,8-dimethyl-2-mercaptoquinoline | 53761-60-7 | C11H11NS |
| 4,8-二甲基-2-羟基喹啉 | 4,8-dimethylquinolin-2(1H)-one | 5349-78-0 | C11H11NO |
| 4,8-二溴喹啉 | 4,8-Dibromoquinoline | 1070879-31-0 | C9H5Br2N |
| 4,8-二溴-2-甲基喹啉 | 4,8-Dibromo-2-methylquinoline | 1070879-55-8 | C10H7Br2N |
| 4,8-二氯喹啉-3-羧酸 | 4,8-dichloroquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid | 179024-69-2 | C10H5Cl2NO2 |
| 4,8-二氯喹啉 | 4,8-dichloroquinoline | 21617-12-9 | C9H5Cl2N |
| 4,8-二氯-5-甲氧基喹啉 | 4,8-Dichlor-5-methoxychinolin | 63010-44-6 | C10H7Cl2NO |
| 4,8-二氯-3-甲基喹啉 | 4,8-dichloro-3-methyl-quinoline | 39593-10-7 | C10H7Cl2N |
| 4,8-二氯-2-苯基喹啉 | 4,8-Dichloro-2-phenylquinoline | 126530-46-9 | C15H9Cl2N |
| 4,8-二氯-2-甲基喹啉 | 4,8-dichloro-2-methylquinoline | 75896-69-4 | C10H7Cl2N |
| 4,8-二氯-2-(三氟甲基)喹啉 | 4,8-Dichloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline | 18706-35-9 | C10H4Cl2F3N |
| 4,8-二氯-2,6-二甲基喹啉 | 4,8-Dichloro-2,6-dimethylquinoline | 203626-46-4 | C11H9Cl2N |
| 4,7-二羟基喹啉-3-羧酸 | 7-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 63463-27-4 | C10H7NO4 |
| 4,7-二羟基喹啉 | 7-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one | 955938-89-3 | C9H7NO2 |
| 4,7-二溴喹啉 | 4,7-Dibromoquinoline | 700871-88-1 | C9H5Br2N |
| 4,7-二溴-8-甲基喹啉 | 4,7-Dibromo-8-methylquinoline | 1189105-53-0 | C10H7Br2N |
| 4,7-二溴-2-苯基喹啉 | 4,7-Dibromo-2-phenylquinoline | 1189105-95-0 | C15H9Br2N |
| 4,7-二氯喹啉 1-氧化物 | 4,7-dichloroquinoline N-oxide | 1077-74-3 | C9H5Cl2NO |
| 4,7-二氯-8-甲基喹啉 | 4,7-dichloro-8-methylquinoline | 643039-79-6 | C10H7Cl2N |
| 4,7-二氯-3-碘喹啉 | 4,7-dichloro-3-iodoquinoline | 70237-22-8 | C9H4Cl2IN |