喹啉和异喹啉是苯并吡啶的两个异构体,均存在于煤焦油中。它们及其许多取代衍生物可通过将苯衍生物环化成环而制得。其中,喹啉的合成方法主要是通过加热苯胺、甘油与硫酸及氧化剂(如硝基苯)反应,进而生成丙烯醛并与苯胺发生加成反应。利用各种苯胺衍生物和其他α,β-不饱和羰基化合物,则可以合成具有不同取代基的喹啉化合物,例如4-甲基喹啉(勒皮啶)便是由苯胺和甲基-乙烯基酮制得。
其他喹啉类化合物如2-甲基喹啉(喹哪啶)则通过邻氨基苯甲醛与丙酮缩合而合成。总的来说,喹啉及其同系物属于含氮杂双环芳烃类化合物,俗称重吡啶,并与吡啶一起统称为焦油碱,是高温煤焦油加工的产物。主要成分包括喹啉、异喹啉、甲基喹啉和二甲基喹啉等,集中在煤焦油的萘油馏分和洗油馏分中,含量约为0.3~0.5%。
这些化合物具有特殊的气味,并在暴露于空气或阳光下时逐渐变深。它们广泛应用于医药、染料、感光材料、橡胶、溶剂及化学试剂等领域。喹啉主要用于制造烟酸系、8-羟基喹啉系和奎宁系药物,如烟酸胺、强心剂、兴奋剂和治绦虫病药;8-羟基喹啉则用于制备治疗阿米巴虫病的药品、创伤消毒剂及防霉剂等。此外,伯氨奎宁、氯化奎宁和羟氨奎宁是合成的治疟疾特效药物。
异喹啉主要用于生产杀虫剂、抗疟药、橡胶硫化促进剂及测定稀有金属所需的化学试剂;甲基喹啉则用于制造彩色胶片增感剂和染料,并作为溶剂、浸渍剂和腐蚀抑制剂等。总体而言,这些化合物的应用范围广泛且重要。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-氨基-6,7-二氯喹啉 | 4-Amino-6,7-dichloroquinoline | 948292-94-2 | C9H6Cl2N2 |
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4-氨基-5-氯喹啉 | 5-Chloroquinolin-4-amine | 92385-37-0 | C9H7ClN2 |
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4-氨基-5-氯-8-甲基喹啉 | 4-Amino-5-chloro-8-methylquinoline | 948292-84-0 | C10H9ClN2 |
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4-氨基-5,8-二甲基喹啉 | 4-Amino-5,8-dimethylquinoline | 948292-74-8 | C11H12N2 |
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4-氨基-5,8-二氯喹啉 | 4-Amino-5,8-dichloroquinoline | 948292-69-1 | C9H6Cl2N2 |
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4-氨基-5,8-二氟喹啉 | 4-Amino-5,8-difluoroquinoline | 874818-15-2 | C9H6F2N2 |
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4-氨基-5,7-二甲基喹啉 | 4-Amino-5,7-dimethylquinoline | 948292-64-6 | C11H12N2 |
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4-氨基-5,7-二氯喹啉 | 4-Amino-5,7-dichloroquinoline | 948292-59-9 | C9H6Cl2N2 |
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4-氨基-5,7-二氟喹啉 | 5,7-Difluoroquinolin-4-amine | 1065092-27-4 | C9H6F2N2 |
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4-氨基-3-硝基喹啉 | 3-nitro-4-aminoquinoline | 42606-33-7 | C9H7N3O2 |
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4-氨基-3-溴喹啉 | 4-amino-3-bromoquinoline | 36825-36-2 | C9H7BrN2 |
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4-氨基-2-溴喹啉 | 2-bromoquinolin-4-ylamine | 36825-35-1 | C9H7BrN2 |
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4-氨基-2-氯喹啉 | 2-chloroquinoline-4-amine | 80947-25-7 | C9H7ClN2 |
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4-氨基-2-丙基喹啉 | 2-propyl-[4]quinolylamine | 57165-80-7 | C12H14N2 |
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4-氧代-1,4-二氢喹啉-6-羧酸甲酯 | 6-methoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-4-one | 933486-45-4 | C11H9NO3 |
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4-氧代-1,4-二氢喹啉-3-羧酸 | 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 13721-01-2 | C10H7NO3 |
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4-异喹啉-3-丁腈 | 4-(isoquinolin-3-yl)butanenitrile | 396717-24-1 | C13H12N2 |
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4-喹啉羰酰氯 | quinolone-4-carbonyl chloride | 50821-72-2 | C10H6ClNO |
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4-喹啉羧酸甲酯 | quinoline-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 21233-61-4 | C11H9NO2 |
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4-喹啉磺酸 | quinoline-4-sulfonic acid | 6046-42-0 | C9H7NO3S |
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4-喹啉甲醛 | quinoline-4-carboxaldehyde | 4363-93-3 | C10H7NO |
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4-喹啉甲醇 | 4-quinolylmethanol | 6281-32-9 | C10H9NO |
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4-喹啉甲酸 | 6-fluoro-7-chloro-1-methylamino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 88569-39-5 | C11H8ClFN2O3 |
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4-喹啉乙酸 | [4]quinolyl-acetic acid | 109922-57-8 | C11H9NO2 |
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4-喹啉丙酸 | 4-quinolinylpropanoic acid | 67752-29-8 | C12H11NO2 |
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4-喹啉-羧酰胺 | quinoline-4-carboxamide | 4363-95-5 | C10H8N2O |
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4-呋喃-7-羟基甲基喹啉 | 4-Furan-3-YL-7-hydroxymethylquinoline | 168154-44-7 | C14H11NO2 |
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4-乙酰氨基喹啉 | <i>N</i>-quinolin-4-yl-acetamide | 32433-28-6 | C11H10N2O |
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4-乙酰基喹啉 | 4-acetylquinoline | 60814-30-4 | C11H9NO |
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4-乙炔基喹啉 | 4-ethynylquinoline | 62484-52-0 | C11H7N |
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4-乙氧基喹啉 | 4-ethoxyquinoline | 13720-91-7 | C11H11NO |
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4-乙基-3-苯基异喹啉 | 4-ethyl-3-phenylisoquinoline | 385416-18-2 | C17H15N |
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4-丙基喹啉 | 4-propylquinoline | 20668-44-4 | C12H13N |
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4-三氟甲基喹啉-2-甲酸 | 4-trifluoromethyl-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid | 588702-67-4 | C11H6F3NO2 |
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4-三氟甲基喹啉-2-甲腈 | 4-Trifluormethyl-chinaldonitril | 25199-89-7 | C11H5F3N2 |
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4-三氟甲基-2-羟基喹啉 | 4-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one | 25199-84-2 | C10H6F3NO |
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4-[(7-氯-4-喹啉基)氨基]-1-戊醇 | 4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)pentan-1-ol | 10500-64-8 | C14H17ClN2O |
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4-(溴甲基)喹啉氢溴酸 | 4-bromomethyl quinoline hydrobromide | 73870-28-7 | BrH*C10H8BrN |
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4-(氯甲基)喹啉盐酸盐 | 4-(chloromethyl)-quinoline hydrochloride | 1822-57-7 | C10H8ClN*ClH |
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4-(氯甲基)喹啉 | 4-(chloromethyl)quinoline | 5632-17-7 | C10H8ClN |
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4-(4-二甲氨基苯乙烯基)喹啉 | quinoline-vinyl-N,N-dimethylaniline | 897-55-2 | C19H18N2 |
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4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二噁硼烷-2-基)-喹啉 | 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)quinoline | 1035458-54-8 | C15H18BNO2 |
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4-(2-羟基乙基)氨基喹啉 | 4-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)quinoline | 116289-25-9 | C11H12N2O |
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4-(2-氨基乙基)氨基喹啉 | N 1-(quinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine | 259731-83-4 | C11H13N3 |
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4-(2-喹啉甲氧基)苯胺 | 2-(4-aminophenoxymethyl)quinoline | 105326-95-2 | C16H14N2O |
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4-(1H-4-吡唑)喹啉 | 4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)quinoline | 439106-49-7 | C12H9N3 |
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4,8-二羟基喹啉-3-羧酸 | 4,8-Dihydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 1131580-58-9 | C10H7NO4 |
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4,8-二羟基喹啉-2-甲酸 | xanthurenic acid | 59-00-7 | C10H7NO4 |
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4,8-二羟基喹啉 | 8-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinolone | 53846-46-1 | C9H7NO2 |
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4,8-二羟基喹啉 | 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl oxoacetic acid | 10118-81-7 | C8H6O5 |
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