喹啉和异喹啉是苯并吡啶的两个异构体,均存在于煤焦油中。它们及其许多取代衍生物可通过将苯衍生物环化成环而制得。其中,喹啉的合成方法主要是通过加热苯胺、甘油与硫酸及氧化剂(如硝基苯)反应,进而生成丙烯醛并与苯胺发生加成反应。利用各种苯胺衍生物和其他α,β-不饱和羰基化合物,则可以合成具有不同取代基的喹啉化合物,例如4-甲基喹啉(勒皮啶)便是由苯胺和甲基-乙烯基酮制得。
其他喹啉类化合物如2-甲基喹啉(喹哪啶)则通过邻氨基苯甲醛与丙酮缩合而合成。总的来说,喹啉及其同系物属于含氮杂双环芳烃类化合物,俗称重吡啶,并与吡啶一起统称为焦油碱,是高温煤焦油加工的产物。主要成分包括喹啉、异喹啉、甲基喹啉和二甲基喹啉等,集中在煤焦油的萘油馏分和洗油馏分中,含量约为0.3~0.5%。
这些化合物具有特殊的气味,并在暴露于空气或阳光下时逐渐变深。它们广泛应用于医药、染料、感光材料、橡胶、溶剂及化学试剂等领域。喹啉主要用于制造烟酸系、8-羟基喹啉系和奎宁系药物,如烟酸胺、强心剂、兴奋剂和治绦虫病药;8-羟基喹啉则用于制备治疗阿米巴虫病的药品、创伤消毒剂及防霉剂等。此外,伯氨奎宁、氯化奎宁和羟氨奎宁是合成的治疟疾特效药物。
异喹啉主要用于生产杀虫剂、抗疟药、橡胶硫化促进剂及测定稀有金属所需的化学试剂;甲基喹啉则用于制造彩色胶片增感剂和染料,并作为溶剂、浸渍剂和腐蚀抑制剂等。总体而言,这些化合物的应用范围广泛且重要。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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5-溴喹啉-8-甲腈 | 5-bromoquinoline-8-carbonitrile | 507476-70-2 | C10H5BrN2 |
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5-溴喹啉-2-羧酸甲酯 | Methyl 5-bromoquinoline-2-carboxylate | 1355174-78-5 | C11H8BrNO2 |
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5-溴喹啉-2-羧酸 | 5-bromoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid | 1017412-53-1 | C10H6BrNO2 |
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5-溴喹啉-2-甲腈 | 5-bromoquinoline-2-carbonitrile | 1092304-90-9 | C10H5BrN2 |
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5-溴-8-羟基喹啉 | 5-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline | 1198-14-7 | C9H6BrNO |
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5-溴-8-碘喹啉 | 5-Bromo-8-iodoquinoline | 1257664-92-8 | C9H5BrIN |
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5-溴-8-甲基喹啉-2-醇 | 5-Bromo-8-methylquinolin-2-ol | 99455-07-9 | C10H8BrNO |
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5-溴-8-氯喹啉 | 5-bromo-8-chloroquinoline | 927800-41-7 | C9H5BrClN |
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5-溴-8-氨基喹啉盐酸盐 | 5-bromoquinolin-8-ylamine hydrochloride | 297760-76-0 | C9H7BrN2*ClH |
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5-溴-8-氟喹啉 | 5-bromo-8-fluoroquinoline | 1133115-78-2 | C9H5BrFN |
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5-溴-8-三氟甲氧基喹啉 | 5-Bromo-8-(trifluoromethoxy)quinoline | 1065074-23-8 | C10H5BrF3NO |
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5-溴-8-(三氟甲基)喹啉 | 5-bromo-8-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline | 1239460-75-3 | C10H5BrF3N |
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5-溴-7-甲氧基喹啉 | 5-bromo-7-methoxyquinoline | 1126824-44-9 | C10H8BrNO |
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5-溴-6-羟基喹啉 | 5-bromoquinolin-6-ol | 115581-09-4 | C9H6BrNO |
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5-溴-6-甲氧基喹啉 | 5-bromo-6-methoxyquinoline | 36023-01-5 | C10H8BrNO |
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5-溴-6-甲基喹啉 | 5-bromo-6-methylquinoline | 65513-45-3 | C10H8BrN |
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5-溴-6-氟-2-甲基喹啉 | 5-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylquinoline | 80290-18-2 | C10H7BrFN |
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5-溴-3-甲氧基喹啉 | 5-bromo-3-methoxyquinoline | 776296-12-9 | C10H8BrNO |
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5-溴-3-甲基喹啉 | 5-bromo-3-methylquinoline | 397322-46-2 | C10H8BrN |
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5-溴-3,4-二氢喹啉-2(1H)-酮 | 5-bromo-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one | 880094-83-7 | C9H8BrNO |
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5-溴-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 5-bromo-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxylate | 215184-78-4 | C14H18BrNO2 |
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5-溴-2-甲氧基喹啉-8-甲醛 | 5-Bromo-2-methoxyquinoline-8-carbaldehyde | 885687-82-1 | C11H8BrNO2 |
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5-溴-2-甲氧基喹啉 | 5-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline | 99455-06-8 | C10H8BrNO |
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5-溴-2-甲基喹啉 | 5-bromo-2-methylquinoline | 54408-52-5 | C10H8BrN |
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5-溴-2-甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 5-bromo-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzoate | 220514-28-3 | C9H8BrNO4 |
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5-溴-2-氯喹啉 | 5-bromo-2-chloroquinoline | 99455-13-7 | C9H5BrClN |
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5-溴-1H-喹啉-2-酮 | 5-bromoquinolin-2(1H)-one | 99465-09-5 | C9H6BrNO |
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5-溴-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉盐酸盐 | 5-bromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride | 923591-51-9 | C9H10BrN*ClH |
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5-溴-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉 | 5-bromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline | 81237-69-6 | C9H10BrN |
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5-溴-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉盐酸盐 | 5-bromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline hydrochloride | 1073968-64-5 | C9H10BrN*ClH |
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5-氯喹啉-6-醇 | 5-chloro-6-hydroxyquinoline | 64165-35-1 | C9H6ClNO |
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5-氯喹啉-4-甲酸 | 5-chloroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid | 62482-32-0 | C10H6ClNO2 |
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5-氯喹啉-2-胺 | 2-amino-5-chloroquinoline | 68050-37-3 | C9H7ClN2 |
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5-氯喹啉 | 5-chloroquinoline | 635-27-8 | C9H6ClN |
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5-氯-8-碘喹啉 | 5-chloro-8-iodoquinoline | 859958-87-5 | C9H5ClIN |
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5-氯-8-硝基喹啉 | 5-chloro-8-nitroquinoline | 6942-98-9 | C9H5ClN2O2 |
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5-氯-8-甲基喹啉-3-羧酸 | 5-Chloro-8-methylquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 948294-24-4 | C11H8ClNO2 |
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5-氯-8-甲基喹啉 | 5-chloro-8-methylquinoline | 78941-95-4 | C10H8ClN |
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5-氯-8-喹啉三氟甲磺酸酯 | 5-chloroquinolin-8-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate | 157437-38-2 | C10H5ClF3NO3S |
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5-氯-7-溴-8-喹啉基乙烯基碳酸盐 | 5-chloro-7-bromo-8-quinolyl vinyl carbonate | 34462-96-9 | C12H7BrClNO2 |
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5-氯-6-喹啉羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 5-chloro-6-quinolinecarboxylate | 180421-62-9 | C12H10ClNO2 |
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5-氯-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮 | 5-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one | 60233-66-1 | C8H5ClN2O |
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5-氯-2,8-二甲基喹啉 | 5-chloro-2,8-dimethylquinoline | 186670-43-9 | C11H10ClN |
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5-氯-2,4,8-三甲基喹啉 | 5-Chloro-2,4,8-trimethylquinoline | 105908-43-8 | C12H12ClN |
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5-氯-2(1H)-喹啉酮 | 5-chloro-2-quinolone | 23981-22-8 | C9H6ClNO |
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5-氯-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉 | 5-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline | 72995-16-5 | C9H10ClN |
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5-氨基异喹啉-3-羧酸 | 5-aminoisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 80066-71-3 | C10H8N2O2 |
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5-氨基喹啉盐酸盐 | [5]quinolylamine; hydrochloride | 152814-24-9 | C9H8N2*ClH |
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5-氨基喹啉 | 5-Aminoquinoline | 611-34-7 | C9H8N2 |
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5-氨基-8-羟基喹啉 | 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline | 13207-66-4 | C9H8N2O |
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