植物提取物
植物提取物
定义与来源
植物提取物是指从天然植物中经过物理、化学或生物技术方法提取出的有效成分或活性物质的统称。这些植物主要来源于陆地和海洋中的各种植物，包括草本植物、灌木、树木以及藻类等。
提取方法- 溶剂萃取：使用乙醇、水或其他有机溶剂对植物原料进行浸泡提取。
- 超临界流体萃取：利用二氧化碳作为溶剂，在特定条件下从植物中萃取出目标成分。
- 膜分离技术：通过物理或化学方法，将植物液中的有用成分分离出来。
- 酶解法：利用酶的作用来分解植物细胞壁或其他结构，释放出内部的有效物质。
- 医药行业：用于开发新药、保健品和中药提取物等。
- 化妆品与个人护理品：提供天然保湿剂、抗氧化成分及美容养颜的功效。
- 食品工业：作为天然色素、香精、调味料或营养补充剂的来源。
- 环保领域：用作生物降解材料、吸附剂或其他功能性添加剂。
随着科学技术的进步，植物提取物的研究与应用日益广泛。研究人员不仅致力于提高提取效率和纯度，还积极探索新的分离技术及组分鉴定方法，以更好地揭示其化学成分及其生物学效应。
挑战与前景尽管植物提取物具有巨大的市场潜力和发展空间，但在实际应用中仍面临诸多挑战，如有效成分的稳定性和安全性问题、标准体系不完善等。未来的研究需要更加注重综合评价和合理利用天然资源，以促进该领域的可持续发展。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Ascomycin, Streptomyces hygroscopicus | 11011-38-4 | C43H69NO12 |
| —— | thalrugosaminine | 22226-73-9 | C39H44N2O7 |
| —— | 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-ium | 14029-02-8 | C13H20NO3+ |
| —— | Dipotassium 7-hydroxy-11b-methyl-2-{[2-O-(3-methylbutanoyl)-3-O-sulfo-4-O-sulfonatohexopyranosyl]oxy}-8-methylidenetetradecahydro-6a,9-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene-4-carboxylate | 102130-43-8 | C30H44K2O16S2 |
| —— | methyl (1S,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1S,12R,15Z)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate | 3371-85-5 | C43H52N4O5 |
| —— | syringetin 3-O-glucoside | 40039-49-4 | C23H24O13 |
| —— | 4-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)oxy]naphtho[2,3-b]furan-7(8h)-one | 33889-70-2 | C17H16O4 |
| —— | hastatoside | 50816-24-5 | C17H24O11 |
| —— | Momor-cerebroside I | 606125-07-9 | C48H93NO10 |
| —— | 3-Hydroxyspirost-5-en-1-yl 6-deoxy-2-O-(6-deoxyhexopyranosyl)hexopyranoside | 38971-41-4 | C39H62O12 |
| —— | dipotassium;[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[[(1R,4R,5R,7R,9R,10S,13S,15S)-5-carboxy-15-hydroxy-9-methyl-14-methylidene-7-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-5-sulfonatooxyoxan-4-yl] sulfate | 102130-43-8 | C30H44K2O16S2 |
| —— | Primulasaponin II | 208599-88-6 | C59H96O27 |
| —— | epigallocatechin-(2β->7,4β->8)-epicatechin | 103883-03-0 | C30H24O13 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5R,6R,9S,10R,12R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3,11,11,14-tetramethyltetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dien-15-one | 30220-46-3 | C20H28O5 |
| —— | ipecoside | 15401-60-2 | C27H35NO12 |
| —— | methyl (1S,15S,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1R,12R,14R)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate | 3371-85-5 | C43H52N4O5 |
| —— | Aconifine | 41849-35-8 | C34H47NO12 |
| —— | (2S,3R,4S,5R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2-carboxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-carboxy-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | 9046-40-6 | C18H26O19 |
| —— | 5-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-7-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 52187-80-1 | C27H30O16 |
| —— | Huangjiangsu A | 1026020-27-8 | C51H82O22 |
| —— | (Z)-6-(7,15-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid | 100665-40-5 | C30H42O7 |
| —— | Ganoderenic acid c | 100665-42-7 | C30H44O7 |
| —— | ebeiedinone | 25650-68-4 | C27H43NO2 |
| —— | lactobionic acid | 96-82-2 | C12H22O12 |
| —— | Marrubiin | 465-92-9 | C20H28O4 |
| —— | isomarrubilin | 465-92-9 | C20H28O4 |
| —— | Marubiin | 465-92-9 | C20H28O4 |
| —— | [8]-shogaol | 36700-45-5 | C19H28O3 |
| —— | 10-shogaol | 36752-54-2 | C21H32O3 |
| —— | raffinose | 512-69-6 | C18H32O16 |
| —— | methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1R,15E,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate | 3371-85-5 | C43H52N4O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-nootkatone | 28834-25-5 | C15H22O |
| —— | (2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 32449-98-2 | C39H63NO11 |
| —— | piperanine | 23512-46-1 | C17H21NO3 |
| —— | Epicatechin-(4beta->8 | 103883-03-0 | C30H24O12 |
| —— | 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester | 140360-29-8 | C59H96O27 |
| —— | 6-O-methylbaicalein 7-O-glucopyranuronide | 36948-76-2 | C22H20O11 |
| —— | artemotil | 75887-54-6 | C17H28O5 |
| —— | Ccris 5723 | 25990-37-8 | C27H30O7 |
| —— | dehydrosoyasaponin I methyl ester | 117210-13-6 | C49H78O18 |
| —— | incensole acetate | 34701-53-6 | C22H36O3 |
| —— | 23-hydroxy-3β-[(O-β-D-ribopyranosyl-(1->3)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]olean-12-en-28-oic acid O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester | 96315-53-6 | C64H104O30 |
| —— | clematoside-S | 72629-76-6 | C46H74O16 |
| —— | thalidezine | 18251-36-0 | C38H42N2O7 |
| —— | sagittatoside A | 118525-35-2 | C33H40O15 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3,5-Dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane | 112494-41-4 | C21H28O6 |
| —— | tubuloside A | 112516-05-9 | C37H48O21 |
| —— | timosaponin BIII | 142759-74-8 | C45H74O18 |
| —— | R-(+)-α-pinene | 80-56-8 | C10H16 |
| —— | DL-arabino-2-Amino-1,3,4-trihydroxy-octadecan | 554-62-1 | C18H39NO3 |
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