植物提取物是指从天然植物中经过物理、化学或生物技术方法提取出的有效成分或活性物质的统称。这些植物主要来源于陆地和海洋中的各种植物,包括草本植物、灌木、树木以及藻类等。
提取方法随着科学技术的进步,植物提取物的研究与应用日益广泛。研究人员不仅致力于提高提取效率和纯度,还积极探索新的分离技术及组分鉴定方法,以更好地揭示其化学成分及其生物学效应。
挑战与前景尽管植物提取物具有巨大的市场潜力和发展空间,但在实际应用中仍面临诸多挑战,如有效成分的稳定性和安全性问题、标准体系不完善等。未来的研究需要更加注重综合评价和合理利用天然资源,以促进该领域的可持续发展。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1S,12R,14R,15Z,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate | 3371-85-5 | C43H52N4O5 |
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—— | [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 16830-15-2 | C48H78O19 |
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—— | Luteolin-7-O-neohesperidosid | 25694-72-8 | C27H30O15 |
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—— | notoginsenoside-R2 | 80418-25-3 | C41H70O13 |
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—— | Asiaticoside | 16830-15-2 | C48H78O19 |
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—— | Vocamine | 3371-85-5 | C43H52N4O5 |
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—— | (16E)-11-Chloro-6,21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.1~10,14~.0~3,5~]hexacosa-10(26),11,13,16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione | 57103-68-1 | C28H37ClN2O8 |
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—— | Holothurin | 11029-72-4 | C54H85NaO25S |
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—— | 2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-2-({16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,11-pentamethyl-14-[(2Z)-6-methylhepta-2,5-dien-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-5-yl}oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 74964-14-0 | C42H70O12 |
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—— | kahweol | 6894-43-5 | C20H26O3 |
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—— | beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,12beta,20E)-12-hydroxydammara-20(22),24-dien-3-yl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- | 186763-78-0 | C42H70O12 |
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—— | Strophanthoside-K | 33279-57-1 | C42H64O19 |
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—— | Ophiopogonin A | 11054-24-3 | C41H64O13 |
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—— | [(2S,3R,6R,8S)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-2-yl]methyl benzoate | 23180-57-6 | C23H28O11 |
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—— | [(2R,3R,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6R)-6-[[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,16S,17R)-14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate | 17575-21-2 | C49H76O20 |
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—— | (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,6R,8R,10R,12S,14S,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2Z)-6-methylhepta-2,5-dien-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 126223-28-7 | C42H70O12 |
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—— | [6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aS,6bR,9R,12aR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 16830-15-2 | C48H78O19 |
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—— | Atractyloside (potassium salt) | 102130-43-8 | C30H44K2O16S2 |
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—— | methyl 2-[(1R,2S,9R,10S,11R,15R)-6-(furan-3-yl)-7,9,11,15-tetramethyl-12,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxapentacyclo[9.6.1.02,9.04,8.015,18]octadeca-7,13-dien-10-yl]acetate | 25990-37-8 | C27H30O7 |
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—— | Cimiracemoside D | 290821-39-5 | C37H58O11 |
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—— | astragaloside VI | 84687-45-6 | C47H78O19 |
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—— | [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (6aR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 340982-22-1 | C54H88O24 |
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—— | (2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-methyl-6-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-2-methyl-6-[(1S,2S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol | 76296-74-7 | C51H82O20 |
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—— | 7,3'-Di-O-glucosylluteolin | 52187-80-1 | C27H30O16 |
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—— | 3-Deoxyaconitine | 3175-95-9 | C34H47NO10 |
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—— | 2-hydroxy-N-[(4E,8E)-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoctadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl]hexadecanamide | 88642-46-0 | C41H77NO9 |
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—— | Escin IIB | 158800-83-0 | C54H84O23 |
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—— | (7S,8S)-7,8-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3'-methoxy-8-methyl-1'-trans-propenylbenzofuran | 891182-93-7 | C21H24O5 |
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—— | β-D-(3-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside | 107912-97-0 | C22H30O14 |
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—— | Voacamine | 3371-85-5 | C43H52N4O5 |
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—— | Sodium;2,6-diacetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyldibenzofuran-1,3-dione | 34769-44-3 | C18H16NaO7+ |
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—— | acetylastragaloside I | 84687-47-8 | C47H74O17 |
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—— | tigogenin 3β-O-(β-D-glucopyranoside) | 14835-43-9 | C33H54O8 |
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—— | 4’-demethylepipodophyllotoxin | 6559-91-7 | C21H20O8 |
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—— | isocolumbin | 471-54-5 | C20H22O6 |
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—— | 22,23-dihydrobrusatol | 25514-31-2 | C26H34O11 |
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—— | triglochinic acid | 31795-12-7 | C7H8O6 |
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—— | (S)-2,8-dimethyl-2-((4S,8S)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol | 119-13-1 | C27H46O2 |
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—— | δ-tocopherol | 119-13-1 | C27H46O2 |
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—— | isofebrifugine | 32434-44-9 | C16H19N3O3 |
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—— | 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl]-hederagenin | 20853-58-1 | C41H66O13 |
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—— | escin IIa | 158732-55-9 | C54H84O23 |
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—— | 12-O-tiglylphorbol-13-isobutyrate | 92214-54-5 | C29H40O8 |
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—— | (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2E)-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 100462-37-1 | C16H28O7 |
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—— | syringetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside | 40039-49-4 | C23H24O13 |
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—— | kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | 55136-76-0 | C33H40O21 |
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—— | chysoeriol-7-β-D-glucopyranoside | 19993-32-9 | C22H22O11 |
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—— | chrysoeriol 7-O-β-glucoside | 19993-32-9 | C22H22O11 |
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—— | (1S,2R,4aR,8aS)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-ol | 10207-83-7 | C16H30O2 |
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—— | (+/-)-13,14,15,16-Tetranor-5β-labdane-8β,12-diol | 10207-83-7 | C16H30O2 |
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