In vivo formation of NMU was shown by methylation of guanine at N7 after feeding of the precursors methylurea and sodium nitrite. /Species not specified/
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) is a solid. NMU was once widely used to synthesize diazomethane in the laboratory, it has been replaced by other reagents for this use. NMU has been studied as a chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment, either alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide. Small quantities are used in research to study its mutagenic effects on plants. HUMAN STUDIES: Nausea and vomiting were seen after iv injection of 4 mg/kg body wt NMU to patients. NMU produced mutations in human lymphoblast cell line TK6. The malignant transformation of adult human prostate epithelial cells has been reported after multiple exposures to the NMU. ANIMAL STUDIES: The major toxic effects of NMU in animals result from severe damage to hematopoietic, lymphoid and other tissues that have rapid rates of cell turnover. Acute treatment with NMU has been shown to inhibit protein and nucleic acid synthesis in tissues. NMU acutely induced rod-dominant photoreceptor degeneration in monkey retinas, but the photoreceptor function was impaired in both the rods and cones. The intraperitoneal application of NMU led to moderate systemic side effects in mice and to selective photoreceptor degeneration. Intravitreal injections of NMU also induced photoreceptor degeneration; however, no systemic side effects were observed. In rabbits, the intravitreal injection of 3 mg/kg bw MNU leads to selective but inhomogeneous photoreceptor degeneration. Carcinomas of the forestomach were seen in rats at doses of 10 mg/kg bw given once every 2 weeks and 20 mg/kg bw given once every 4 weeks over a period of 9 months. Malignant tumors of the brain (sarcomas, gliomas) and the peripheral nervous system (described as neurosarcomas) were also observed. Odontogenic neoplasms were found in 2/10 rats after a single i.g. administration of 90 mg/kg bw. Minipigs received 10 mg/kg bw NMU at fortnightly intervals for 4.5 years. All of the 9 animals that lived 50 months developed benign and some malignant tumors of the stomach. Three species of monkeys, Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis and Cercopithecus aethiops were administered NMU orally, and were found to have squamous-cell carcinomas of the oropharynx and/or esophagus. One skin application of 50-100 mg/kg bw to 125 newborn mice induced mainly lymphatic leukemias in about 50% of treated animals. Application of a 0.5% solution of NMU 3 times/week for 30 weeks (1.75 mg/dose) to rats produced multiple squamous- and basal-cell carcinomas of the skin in 9/9 animals. The first tumor appeared at 20 weeks. Skin application to 20 Syrian golden hamsters with 0.5% solution of NMU 3 times/week for 13 weeks (0.35 mg/dose) produced squamous-cell carcinomas of skin in 18/18 animals, the first tumor appearing at 8 weeks. Tumors of the nervous system and kidney were observed in the offspring of rats treated with NMU during the last third of pregnancy. Mammary tumors also occurred in the treated mothers. Congenital defects in the offspring of mice following paternal treatment with NMU also occurred. A model of retinal degeneration has been developed in mice using NMU. In mice, ectrodactyly was the predominant effect after treatment on day 11 of pregnancy. Treatment on day 12 triggered especially double-sided microdactyly. The genetic activity of NMU has been demonstrated in bacterial phage, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Serratia marcescens, Chinese hamster cells and Drosophila melanogaster, inducing forward and reverse mutations and gene conversions.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
没有关于人类的数据可用。动物中有足够的致癌性证据。总体评估:2A组:该物质很可能对人类具有致癌性。
No data are available in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2A: The agent is probably carcinogenic to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
N-亚硝基-N-甲基脲合理预期为人类致癌物,基于实验动物研究中充分的致癌性证据。
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌剂:N-甲基-N-亚硝基脲
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:2A组:可能对人类致癌
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
The high chemical reactivity of NMU renders it unlikely that enzymic catalysis is involved in its decomposition. NMU is a direct alkylating agent and alkylates nucleic acids both in vitro and in vivo. Such alkylation has been detected in a number of tissues, including brain, lung, kidney, liver, intestine, thymus and spleen, in a number of species, including mice, rats, hamsters and mini-pigs. All three hydrogen atoms in the methyl group of NMU are retained in the methylated nucleosides formed in nucleic acids after alkylation by NMU in vivo.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
[EN] BIS-HETEROARYL DERIVATIVES AS MODULATORS OF PROTEIN AGGREGATION<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS BIS-HÉTÉROARYLIQUES EN TANT QUE MODULATEURS DE L'AGRÉGATION DES PROTÉINES
申请人:NEUROPORE THERAPIES INC
公开号:WO2017020010A1
公开(公告)日:2017-02-02
The present invention relates to certain bis-heteroaryl compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of using them, including methods for preventing, reversing, slowing, or inhibiting protein aggregation, and methods of treating diseases that are associated with protein aggregation, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, fronto- temporal dementia, Huntington's Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple system atrophy, and cancer including melanoma.
prebiotic routes towards RNA. Contemporary RNA, however, is not only constructed from the four canonical nucleobases (A, C, G, and U), it also contains many chemically modified (noncanonical) bases. A still open question is whether these noncanonicalbases were formed in parallel to the canonical bases (chemical origin) or later, when life demanded higher functional diversity (biological origin). Here
Provided are sulfonamide derivatives of a specific chemical structure in which a sulfonamide group having, as a substituent, a phenyl group or a heterocyclic group having a hetero atom(s) as a constituent element(s) is present at its terminal, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds are novel compounds having excellent α4 integrin-inhibitory action.
Synthetic studies aimed at the elucidation of the stereostructure of the aggregation pheromone, 2-methyl-6-(4′-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)hept-2-en-1-ol, produced by the male stink bug Erysarcoris lewisi
作者:Kenji Mori
DOI:10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.03.019
日期:2007.4
The male-produced aggregation pheromone of the stink bug Erysarcoris lewisi Distant was shown to be one of the two diastereomers of (2Z,6R)-2-methyl-6-(4′-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)hept-2-en-1-ol by synthesizing and bioassaying (2E,6R)-, (2E,6S)-, (2Z,6R)-, and (2Z,6S)-isomers. These were synthesized from the enantiomers of citronellal by employing an intramolecular α-ketocarbene addition to a double
7-Methyl- and 7-phenylcyclohepta-1, 3, 5-trienes from benzvalene via 3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-4, 5, 6-methenocyclopentapyrazoles and tetracyclo[4. 1. 0. 0.0] heptanes
作者:Manfred Christl、Erich Brunn、Wolfgang R. Roth、Hans-Werner Lennartz
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80119-8
日期:1989.1
norbornene with both diazoalkanes cannot be rationalized on the basis of frontier orbital energies. On direct photolysis, the pyrazolines 2a-g were converted into the tetracyclo[4. 1. 0. 02,4. 03,5] heptanes 4a-g exclusively. These compounds gave the 1, 3, 5-cycloheptatrienes 5a, b, d, e, g in high yields on treatment with silver ions, thus providing better access to 7, 7-dimethyl-(5d) and 7, 7-diphenylcycloheptatriene