肟
肟（Oxime）是一种有机化合物，具有一个氧原子连接到两个碳原子上的结构特征，通常表示为R-C=NOH，其中R可以是任意的烷基、芳基或其他取代基团。肟的基本结构由醛或酮与氢氰酸（HCN）发生加成反应生成，也可通过醇与亚硝酸酯在强酸性条件下反应得到。
化学性质- 还原性：肟具有一定的还原性，在某些条件下可以被还原为胺。
- 酸碱性：由于氧原子上的孤对电子，肟展现出一定程度的酸性或碱性特性，具体取决于其结构中的其他基团。
- 可逆环化反应：在一定条件下，肟能够进行自缩合生成羟基脲类化合物。
- 有机合成中间体：肟作为一种重要的有机合成中间体，在医药、农药等领域有着广泛的应用。
- 药物开发：通过肟作为前药设计策略，可以调控药物的释放和作用时间。
- 其他领域：在材料科学中，利用肟可构建具有特殊性能的功能性聚合物。
例如，间苯二甲肟作为一种重要的中间体，在生产某些农药和染料时被广泛应用；另外，1,3-二(4-羟基苯基)丙酮肟（也称为2-氨基联苯）在药物合成中也有一定的应用价值。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | cefepime | 133162-90-0 | C19H24N6O5S2 |
| —— | N,N',N'',N'''-[Silanetetrayltetrakis(oxy)]tetrakis(4-methyl-2-pentanimine) | 156145-62-9 | C24H48N4O4Si |
| —— | [Co(III)(dimethylglyoximato)2(pyridine)2]PF6 | 139526-58-2 | C18H24CoN6O4*F6P |
| —— | N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine | 70-25-7 | C2H7N5O3 |
| —— | [2-[(8S,9S,10R,11S,13R,14S,17S)-11-hydroxy-13-[(E)-hydroxyiminomethyl]-10-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] acetate | 74220-49-8 | C23H31NO6 |
| —— | 2-Acetylthioxanthonoxim | 27012-02-8 | C15H11NO2S |
| —— | Potassium ethyl cyano(oxidoimino)formate | 158014-03-0 | C5H5KN2O3 |
| —— | 2-<<(2-amino-4-thiazolyl) ((Z)-methoxyimino)acetyl>aminomethyl>-1,2,5,7-tetrahydro-7-oxo-4H-furo<3,4-d> <1,3>thiazine | 130468-09-6 | C13H15N5O4S2 |
| —— | 2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-D-gluconhydroximo-1,5-lactone | 132063-03-7 | C15H18N2O6 |
| —— | 1,1'-azodicarbonyl-dipiperidine | 10465-81-3 | C12H20N4O2 |
| —— | 2-Hydroxyimino-1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione | 6797-44-0 | C10H9NO3 |
| —— | Viscofas | 52660-25-0 | C7H8O4 |
| —— | p-benzoquinone dioxime | 105-11-3 | C6H6N2O2 |
| —— | 3-(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone oxime | 99705-50-7 | C9H8F3NO |
| —— | (E)-5-bromothiophene-2-carbaldehyde oxime | 943324-47-8 | C5H4BrNOS |
| —— | Acetic acid (10R,13S)-17-{1-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-ethyl}-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl ester | 2174-13-2 | C23H33NO3 |
| —— | (2Z)-2-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-YL)-N-(2,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2-(N-hydroxyimino)acetamide | 178422-40-7 | C7H10N4O4S |
| —— | [17-[(Z)-N-hydroxy-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate | 2174-13-2 | C23H33NO3 |
| —— | (+)-(S)-benzoin E-oxime | 441-38-3 | C14H13NO2 |
| —— | N-(3-hydroxyimino-2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutylidene)hydroxylamine | 1127-29-3 | C8H14N2O2 |
| —— | (2E,4E)-pentane-2,4-dione dioxime | 2157-56-4 | C5H10N2O2 |
| —— | (1E,2R)-benzoin oxime | 441-38-3 | C14H13NO2 |
| —— | Benzoin oxime | 7110-50-1 | C14H13NO2 |
| —— | [17-[(E)-N-hydroxy-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate | 2174-13-2 | C23H33NO3 |
| —— | (Z)-diazene-1,2-diylbis(piperidin-1-ylmethanone) | 10465-81-3 | C12H20N4O2 |
| —— | Nicotinaldehyde O-propyloxime | 6267-23-8 | C9H12N2O |
| —— | 2,4-difluorobenzaldehyde oxime | 247092-11-1 | C7H5F2NO |
| —— | acorga P50 | 50849-47-3 | C16H25NO2 |
| —— | 3,4-bis(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde oxime | 31123-05-4 | C21H19NO3 |
| —— | (6<i>R</i>)-7<i>t</i>-[2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(<i>Z</i>)-methoxyimino-acetylamino]-3-hydroxymethyl-8-oxo-(6<i>r</i><i>H</i>)-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid | 66340-28-1 | C14H15N5O6S2 |
| —— | 3,4-dichloro-benz-anti-aldoxime | 5331-92-0 | C7H5Cl2NO |
| —— | 2-chloro-3-(hydroxyiminomethyl)quinoline | 93299-49-1 | C10H7ClN2O |
| —— | 1-[(7-amino-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium-chloride | 103121-85-3 | C13H19N3O3S*ClH |
| —— | (Z)-N-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]imino(tert-butoxy)formamide | 870-50-8 | C10H18N2O4 |
| —— | (Z)-2-nitrobenzaldehyde oxime | 3717-25-7 | C7H6N2O3 |
| —— | 1-[[(1-Methylethoxy)carbonyl]oxy]ethyl (6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-2-[2-(formylamino)-4-thiazolyl]-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-(methoxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate | 96680-30-7 | C22H27N5O10S2 |
| —— | Deacetylcefotaxime | 66340-28-1 | C14H15N5O6S2 |
| —— | disodium;2-N,3-N-dioxidobutane-2,3-diimine;octahydrate | 75006-64-3 | C4H22N2Na2O10 |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butan-2-one oxime | 7431-25-6 | C5H11NO2 |
| —— | (E)-N-(5-methoxy-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pentylidene)hydroxylamine | 61747-22-6 | C13H16F3NO2 |
| —— | 2-butanone O,O'-(dimethylsilanediyl)dioxime | 37843-26-8 | C10H22N2O2Si |
| —— | Glyoxime, di-2-furyl- | 522-27-0 | C10H8N2O4 |
| —— | alpha-Furil dioxime | 522-27-0 | C10H8N2O4 |
| —— | 2-Adamantanone oxime | 4500-12-3 | C10H15NO |
| —— | 1,2,3-Butanetrione, 1-phenyl-, 2-oxime | 6797-44-0 | C10H9NO3 |
| —— | 2,4-difluorophenyl-(4-piperidinyl)methanone oxime hydrochloride | 135634-18-3 | C12H14F2N2O*ClH |
| —— | 2-hydroxy-5-nonyl-benzaldoxime | 50849-47-3 | C16H25NO2 |
| —— | bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)azodicarboxylate | 38857-88-4 | C6H4Cl6N2O4 |
| —— | 2-chlorobenzaldoxime | 3717-27-9 | C7H6ClNO |
| —— | 1,2-Cyclohexanedione dioxime | 492-99-9 | C6H10N2O2 |
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