The Elusive Benzocyclobutenylidene: A Combined Computational and Experimental Attempt
摘要:
Ab initio and density functional theory calculations predict that benzocyclobutenylidene (1) has a singlet ground state in contrast to the parent phenylcarbene and many other simply substituted arylcarbenes. Calculations also predict that 1 should lie in a relatively deep potential well, while its tripler state is 14.5 kcal mol(-1) higher in energy. However,:attempts to observe 1 directly by photolysis of two different nitrogenous precursors were not successful. Irradiation of diazobenzocyclobutene (7) (lambda > 534 nm or lambda > 300 nm) or azibenzocycllobutene (10) (lambda > 328 nm) in Ar matrixes at 10 K leads to the formation of the strained cycloalkyne 7-methylenecyclohepta-3,5-dien-1-yne (3). C-13-Labeled 3 was also prepared in a similar manner. There is very good agreement between experimental IR spectra and computationally derived harmonic vibrational frequencies for 3 and [C-13]-3 and excellent agreement between observed and calculated isotopic shifts. Prolonged short-wavelength irradiation converts 3 into benzocyclobutadiene (5). Phenylacetylene (6) and benzocyclo- butadiene dimer (11) were identified as products arising from flash vacuum pyrolysis of diazirine 10 at 500 degreesC.
The Elusive Benzocyclobutenylidene: A Combined Computational and Experimental Attempt
作者:Athanassios Nicolaides、Takeshi Matsushita、Kohichi Yonezawa、Shinji Sawai、Hideo Tomioka、Louise L. Stracener、Jonathan A. Hodges、Robert J. McMahon
DOI:10.1021/ja0039482
日期:2001.3.1
Ab initio and density functional theory calculations predict that benzocyclobutenylidene (1) has a singlet ground state in contrast to the parent phenylcarbene and many other simply substituted arylcarbenes. Calculations also predict that 1 should lie in a relatively deep potential well, while its tripler state is 14.5 kcal mol(-1) higher in energy. However,:attempts to observe 1 directly by photolysis of two different nitrogenous precursors were not successful. Irradiation of diazobenzocyclobutene (7) (lambda > 534 nm or lambda > 300 nm) or azibenzocycllobutene (10) (lambda > 328 nm) in Ar matrixes at 10 K leads to the formation of the strained cycloalkyne 7-methylenecyclohepta-3,5-dien-1-yne (3). C-13-Labeled 3 was also prepared in a similar manner. There is very good agreement between experimental IR spectra and computationally derived harmonic vibrational frequencies for 3 and [C-13]-3 and excellent agreement between observed and calculated isotopic shifts. Prolonged short-wavelength irradiation converts 3 into benzocyclobutadiene (5). Phenylacetylene (6) and benzocyclo- butadiene dimer (11) were identified as products arising from flash vacuum pyrolysis of diazirine 10 at 500 degreesC.
Tomioka, Hideo; Kobayashi, Noriyuki; Murata, Shigeru, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1991, vol. 113, # 23, p. 8771 - 8778