Chemical Subtleties in Small-Molecule Modulation of Peptide Receptor Function: The Case of CXCR3 Biaryl-Type Ligands
摘要:
The G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR3 plays a role in numerous inflammatory events. The endogenous ligands for the chemokine receptors are peptides, but in this study we disclose small-molecule ligands that are able to activate CXCR3. A class of biaryl-type compounds that is assembled by convenient synthetic routes is described as a new class of CXCR3 agonists. Intriguingly, structure-activity relationship and structure-function relationship studies reveal that subtle chemical modifications on the outer aryl ring (e.g., either the size or position of a halogen atom) result in a full spectrum of agonist efficacies on CXCR3. Quantum mechanics calculations and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy NMR studies suggest that the biaryl dihedral angle and the electronic nature of ortho-substituents play an important role in determining agonist efficacies. Compounds 38 (VUF11222) and 39 (VUF11418) are the first reported nonpeptidomimetic agonists on CXCR3, rendering them highly useful chemical tools for detailed assessment of CXCR3 activation as well as for studying downstream CXCR3 signaling.
Controlling the Helicity of 2,2‘-Bipyridyl Ruthenium(II) and Zinc(II) Hemicage Complexes
作者:Karl D. Oyler、Frederick J. Coughlin、Stefan Bernhard
DOI:10.1021/ja067016v
日期:2007.1.1
Complexation of these ligands to Ru(II) afforded diastereomerically pure Delta and Lambda isomers, as verified through circulardichroism and circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. Ligands (+)-L2 and (-)-L2 were further coordinated to Zn(II) to form a complex with intriguing photophysical properties. Whereas Zn(bpy)32+ was shown to be a fluorescent emitter outside the visible spectrum, the
Stay active: Allylcopperspecies can be generated in situ through catalytic intramolecular oxycupration of allenic alcohol. The allylcopper can react with various aldehydes and a ketone to give 1H‐isochromene derivatives in an enantioselective manner (see scheme; HMPA=hexamethylphosphoramide, THF=tetrahydrofuran). The protocol is atom‐economical, highly regioselective, stereoconvergent, and tolerant
Triple-Consecutive Isocyanide Insertions with Aldehydes: Synthesis of 4-Cyanooxazoles
作者:Shaohang Lu、Chang-Hua Ding、Bin Xu
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00008
日期:2023.2.10
An efficient TMSOTf-promoted selective triple consecutive insertions of tert-butyl isocyanide into aldehydes has been developed, affording pharmacological interesting 4-cyanooxazoles in high yields in a one pot manner. The given method encompasses a wide range of substrates with tert-butyl isocyanide serving as sources of critical “CN” and “C–N═C” moieties. The versatile transformations of the resulting
PmHNL catalyzed synthesis of (R)-cyanohydrins derived from aliphatic aldehydes
作者:Samik Nanda、Yasuo Kato、Yasuhisa Asano
DOI:10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.02.003
日期:2006.3
Hydroxynitrile lyase from the Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) catalyzes the formation of several aliphatic cyanohydrins in an asymmetric fashion. By employing a biphasic reaction system, aliphatic aldehydes with various structural features can be converted to the corresponding (R)-cyanohydrins with good overall yield and enantiomeric excess. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The biocatalyzed stereoselective preparation of polycyclic cyanohydrins
作者:M.Manuel Cruz Silva、M.Luisa Sá e Melo、Marco Parolin、Davide Tessaro、Sergio Riva、Bruno Danieli
DOI:10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.11.003
日期:2004.1
The enzyme-mediated preparation of enantiomerically or diastereomerically enriched polycyclic cyanohydrins has been investigated. Oxynitrilase-catalyzed cyanurations gave excellent results with the bicyclic aldehydes tested. On the other hand, enantio- or diastereoselective acylation, catalyzed by lipase PS or subtilisin, proved to be a more versatile methodology, giving good results even with sterically hindered polycyclic cyanohydrins. Specifically, the steroidal cyanohydrin derivative 4b was isolated with a 89% de. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.