申请人:Meudt Andreas
公开号:US20080242884A1
公开(公告)日:2008-10-02
Process for preparing nitriles by reacting N-alkylcarboxamides (RCO—NHR
1
) or ammonium salts of carboxylic acids (RCOO—NH
3
R
1+
) or carboxylic acids in the presence of alkylamines or ammonium salts (RCOOH+NH
2
R
1
, RCOOH+NH
13
R
1+
) respectively, R being an arbitrarily substituted linear or branched C
1
-C
12
-alkyl radical, a C
3
-C
12
cycloalkyl radical or an alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl or heteroaryl radical and R
1
being an arbitrary substituted, linear or branched C
2
-C
1
alkyl radical, a C
3
-C
12
cycloalkyl radical or an alkenyl or alkynyl radical, with phosphonic anhydrides in the presence of an optional base in an organic solvent at a temperature in the range from −30 to 180° C. In advantageous embodiments, the phosphonic anhydride is a 2,4,6-substituted 1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphinane 2,4,6-trioxide of the formula (I)
通过在有机溶剂中在温度范围为-30到180°C的条件下,分别将N-烷基羧酰胺(RCO—NHR1)或羧酸铵盐(RCOO—NH3R1+)或羧酸与烷胺或铵盐(RCOOH+NH2R1、RCOOH+NH13R1+)反应来制备腈的过程,其中R是任意取代的线性或支链的C1-C12烷基基团,C3-C12环烷基基团或烯基、炔基、芳基或杂环芳基,R1是任意取代的线性或支链的C2-C11烷基基团,C3-C12环烷基基团或烯基或炔基基团,与磷酸酐在可选碱存在的情况下反应。在优选实施例中,磷酸酐是具有以下式(I)的2,4,6-取代的1,3,5,2,4,6-三氧杂磷杂环己烷2,4,6-三氧化物。