Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of furosemide analogs as therapeutics for the proteopathy and immunopathy of Alzheimer's disease
作者:Zhiyu Wang、Yanfei Wang、Jagadeesh Prasad Pasangulapati、Kurt R. Stover、Xiaojing Liu、Stephanie (Wohnig) Schier、Donald F. Weaver
DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113565
日期:2021.10
series of furosemide analogs that target both Aβ aggregation and neuroinflammation, thereby addressing the combined proteopathic-immunopathic pathogenesis of AD. Forty compounds were synthesized and evaluated. Compounds 3c, 3g, and 20 inhibited Aβ oligomerization; 33 and 34 inhibited Aβ fibrillization. 3g and 34 inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide, downregulated the expression of
β-淀粉样蛋白 (Aβ) 触发的蛋白病理和免疫病理过程是阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的假定原因。单体 Aβ 来源于淀粉样前体蛋白,然后聚集成各种组装体,包括寡聚体和原纤维,它们会破坏神经元膜的完整性并诱导细胞损伤。Aβ 具有直接的神经毒性/突触毒性,但也可能通过小胶质细胞的伴随激活诱导神经炎症。此前,我们已经证明呋塞米是一种已知的基于邻氨基苯甲酸的药物,能够下调促炎小胶质细胞 M1 表型并上调抗炎 M2 表型。为了进一步探索呋塞米的药理作用,本研究报告了一系列针对 Aβ 聚集和神经炎症的呋塞米类似物,从而解决 AD 的联合蛋白病理 - 免疫病理发病机制。合成并评估了四十种化合物。化合物3c、3g和20抑制Aβ寡聚化;33和34抑制Aβ纤维化。3g和34抑制 TNF-α、IL-6 和一氧化氮的产生,下调 COX-2 和 iNOS 的表达,并促进小胶质细胞吞噬活性,表明对 Aβ 聚集和神经炎症具有