4,4'-bis(methoxyethyl)-2,2'-bipyrrole | 147008-84-2

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 吡咯
• 英文名称: 4,4'-bis(methoxyethyl)-2,2'-bipyrrole
• 英文别名: 4,4′-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-1H,1′H-2,2′-bipyrrole；4-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-1H-pyrrole
• CAS: 147008-84-2
• 化学式: C₁₄H₂₀N₂O₂
• 分子量: 248.325
• InChiKey: SCBBIQMNFGRRJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.4
• 重原子数：
  18
• 可旋转键数：
  7
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.43
• 拓扑面积：
  50
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  2

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  4,4'-bis(methoxyethyl)-2,2'-bipyrrole 在 ammonium hydroxide 、 氧气 、 四氯化钛 、 copper(l) chloride 、 锌 、 三氯氧磷 作用下， 反应 2.53h， 生成 2,7,12,17-tetra-n-propyl-porphycene
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Photodynamic Antitumor Agents: .beta.-Methoxyethyl Groups Give Access to Functionalized Porphycenes and Enhance Cellular Uptake and Activity

  摘要：

  Porphycene photosensitizers bearing two or four methoxyethyl side chains were synthesized in nine steps from commercially available starting materials. Ether cleavage led to (hydroxyethyl)- and (bromoethyl)porphycenes that were converted to vinyl and benzo derivatives. Five of the side chain-functionalized porphycenes were biologically studied in comparison with two tetra-n-propylporphycenes. Porphycenes were incorporated in small unilamellar liposomes and incubated with cultivated SSK2 murine fibrosarcoma cells. Cellular uptake and phototoxicity 24 h after 5 J/cm(2) laser light treatment were determined. The porphycenes tested were between 17 and 220 times more photodynamically active than the currently clinically used sensitizer Photofrin, although extinction coefficients of the porphycenes' irradiated bands are only approximately 10-fold higher. The LD(50) concentration for SSK2 cells in the incubation medium was as low as (8.5 +/- 2.8) x 10(-9) M for tetrakis(methoxyethyl)porphycene. Two methoxy or hydroxy groups enhanced cellular uptake, three or four methoxy groups both enhanced and accelerated cellular uptake of tetraalkylporphycenes. Half-life times of the uptake processes varied between (0.14 +/- 0.04) and (14 +/- 4) h and cellular saturation levels between (1.2 +/- 0.2) and (26 +/- 3) pmol/10(5) cells. When individual uptake rates were accounted for, all porphycenes had a similar ''cellular'' phototoxicity, pointing toward a common mechanism of action. Evidence is presented for the assumption that cell membranes are the primary targets of the tested porphycenes and that membrane solubility may play a critical role in their photodynamic efficiency. The results show that nonionic polar side chain functionalities can strongly enhance cellular uptake and antitumor activity of lipophilic porphyrinoids and thus that the known lipophilicity/activity relationship can be reversed for very hydrophobic sensitizers.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm00043a019
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  5-甲氧基-3-羰基-戊酸乙酯 在 sodium hydroxide 、 磺酰氯 、 水 、 溴 、 碘 、 sodium acetate 、 乙酸酐 、 铜 、 碳酸氢钠 、 溶剂黄146 、 potassium iodide 、 锌 、 sodium nitrite 作用下， 以 甲醇 、 水 为溶剂， 230.0 ℃ 、26.66 Pa 条件下， 反应 65.0h， 生成 4,4'-bis(methoxyethyl)-2,2'-bipyrrole
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Photodynamic Antitumor Agents: .beta.-Methoxyethyl Groups Give Access to Functionalized Porphycenes and Enhance Cellular Uptake and Activity

  摘要：

  Porphycene photosensitizers bearing two or four methoxyethyl side chains were synthesized in nine steps from commercially available starting materials. Ether cleavage led to (hydroxyethyl)- and (bromoethyl)porphycenes that were converted to vinyl and benzo derivatives. Five of the side chain-functionalized porphycenes were biologically studied in comparison with two tetra-n-propylporphycenes. Porphycenes were incorporated in small unilamellar liposomes and incubated with cultivated SSK2 murine fibrosarcoma cells. Cellular uptake and phototoxicity 24 h after 5 J/cm(2) laser light treatment were determined. The porphycenes tested were between 17 and 220 times more photodynamically active than the currently clinically used sensitizer Photofrin, although extinction coefficients of the porphycenes' irradiated bands are only approximately 10-fold higher. The LD(50) concentration for SSK2 cells in the incubation medium was as low as (8.5 +/- 2.8) x 10(-9) M for tetrakis(methoxyethyl)porphycene. Two methoxy or hydroxy groups enhanced cellular uptake, three or four methoxy groups both enhanced and accelerated cellular uptake of tetraalkylporphycenes. Half-life times of the uptake processes varied between (0.14 +/- 0.04) and (14 +/- 4) h and cellular saturation levels between (1.2 +/- 0.2) and (26 +/- 3) pmol/10(5) cells. When individual uptake rates were accounted for, all porphycenes had a similar ''cellular'' phototoxicity, pointing toward a common mechanism of action. Evidence is presented for the assumption that cell membranes are the primary targets of the tested porphycenes and that membrane solubility may play a critical role in their photodynamic efficiency. The results show that nonionic polar side chain functionalities can strongly enhance cellular uptake and antitumor activity of lipophilic porphyrinoids and thus that the known lipophilicity/activity relationship can be reversed for very hydrophobic sensitizers.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm00043a019

文献信息

• A porphycene-gentamicin conjugate for enhanced photodynamic inactivation of bacteria
  作者：Ingrid Nieves、Cormac Hally、Cristiano Viappiani、Montserrat Agut、Santi Nonell

  DOI：10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103661

  日期：2020.4

  A novel photoantimicrobial agent, namely 2-aminothiazolo[4,5-c]-2,7,12,17-tetrakis(methoxyethyl)porphycene (ATAZTMPo-gentamicin) conjugate, has been prepared by a click reaction between the red-light absorbing 9-isothiocyanate-2,7,12,17-tetrakis(methoxyethyl)porphycene (9-ITMPo) and the antibiotic gentamicin. The conjugate exhibits submicromolar activity in vitro against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively) upon exposure to red light and is devoid of any cytotoxicity in the dark. The conjugate outperforms the two components delivered separately, which may be used to enhance the therapeutic index of gentamicin, broaden the spectrum of pathogens against which it is effective and reduce its side effects. Additionally, we report a novel straightforward synthesis of 2,7,12,17-tetrakis(methoxyethyl) porphycene (TMPo) that decreases the number of steps from nine to six.
• PORPHYCENE COMPOUNDS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
  申请人：CYTOPHARM, INC.

  公开号：EP0591355B1

  公开（公告）日：2000-03-08
• US5179120A
  申请人：——

  公开号：US5179120A

  公开（公告）日：1993-01-12
• US5262401A
  申请人：——

  公开号：US5262401A

  公开（公告）日：1993-11-16
• US5409900A
  申请人：——

  公开号：US5409900A

  公开（公告）日：1995-04-25