Transannular Diels–Alder Studies of 14-Membered cis – trans – trans Macrocyclic Trienes Having Allylic Ether or Enone Dienophile
摘要:
Highly convergent, malonate alkylation based syntheses of the model macrocycles and their title investigations are reported. In the allylic ether dienophile case, a preference for tricycles with equatorial ether position was found at the transition state level. Ab initio calculations also show that the origin of this preference is not only steric but stereoelectronic as well. The enone dienophile case indicates that when the enone system is not totally twisted out of planarity by the macrocyclic environment, the Diels-Alder reaction follows the usual trend in terms of dienophile activation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A total synthesis of (+)-papulacandin D has been achieved in 31 steps, in a 9.2% overall yield from commercially available materials. The synthetic strategy divided the molecule into two nearly equal sized subunits, the spirocyclic C-arylglycopyranoside and the polyunsaturated fatty acid side-chain. The C-arylglycopyranoside was prepared in 11 steps in a 30% overall yield from triacetoxyglucal. The fatty acid side-chain was also prepared in 11 steps in a 30% overall yield from geraniol. The key strategic transformations in the synthesis are: (1) a palladium-catalyzed, organosilanolate-based cross-coupling reaction of a dimethylglucal-silanol with an electron-rich and sterically hindered aromatic iodide and (2) a Lewis-base catalyzed, enantioselective allylation reaction of a dienal and allyltrichlorosilane. A critical element in the successful execution of the synthesis was the development of a suitable protecting group strategy that satisfied a number of stringent criteria. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.