N-Dealkylation of Oxprenolol: Formation of 3-Aryloxypropane-1,2-diol, 3-Aryloxylactic Acid, and 2-Aryloxyacetic Acid Metabolites in the Rat
作者:Wendel L. Nelson、Michael J. Bartels
DOI:10.1002/jps.2600740109
日期:1985.1
Oxprenolol (1), like related beta-adrenergic antagonists, undergoes oxidative N-dealkylation to form the corresponding 3-aryloxypropane-1,2-diol (2), 3-aryloxylacticacid (3), and 2-aryloxyaceticacid (4) metabolites. Compounds 3 and 4 were synthesized by conversion of 2-allyloxyphenol (5) to the aryloxyacetaldehyde 6 and subsequent elaboration to the desired acids. Both acids (3 and 4) and glycol
像相关的β-肾上腺素拮抗剂一样,奥曲萘洛尔(1)经历N-脱烷基氧化反应,形成相应的3-芳氧基丙烷-1,2-二醇(2),3-芳氧基乳酸(3)和2-芳氧基乙酸(4)代谢产物。通过将2-烯丙氧基苯酚(5)转化为芳氧基乙醛6并随后精制为所需酸来合成化合物3和4。在大鼠体内和体外在大鼠肝脏9000 X g上清液中,酸(3和4)和乙二醇2均被确认为由1形成的代谢产物。由等摩尔量的(2S)-1-d0和(2R)-1-d2组成的1的假外消旋物的孵育表明,2和3主要由(2S)-1产生,S / R比约为5:1和2:1。另一方面,乙酸衍生物4大约均等地由1的两种对映体产生。
Asymmetric Hydrolysis of (±)-1,2-Diacetoxy-3-chloropropane and Its Related Compounds with Lipase. Synthesis of Optically Pure (<i>S</i>)-Propranolol
作者:Shinobu Iriuchijima、Natsuko Kojima
DOI:10.1080/00021369.1982.10865218
日期:1982.5
Asymmetric hydrolysis of (±)-1,2-diacetoxy-3-chloropropane (1) with a very small amount of a lipoprotein lipase gave (S)-1 of 90% enantiomeric excess (e.e.). Reactions of (S)-1 with phenols in an alkaline condition yielded the corresponding (S)-3-aryloxy-1,2-propanediols. From (S)-3-(1-naphthoxy)-1,2-propanediol (5) was synthesized the optically pure (S)-isomer of propranolol [1-isopropylamino-3-(1-naphthoxy)-2-propanol] (9), one of the ²-adrenergic blocking agents. Hydrolysis of (±)-1,2-diacetoxy-3-bromopropane (11) and (±)-1,2-diacetoxyethylbenzene (12) with the lipase afforded (S)-11 of 77% e.e. and (R)-12 of 73% e.e., respectively.
the enzyme active pocket has led to a smartlibrary of epoxidehydrolasevariants with an expanded substrate spectrum covering a series of typical β‐blocker precursors. Improved activities of 6‐ to 430‐fold were achieved by redesigning the active site at two predicted hot spots. This study represents a breakthrough in protein engineering of epoxidehydrolases and resulted in enhanced activity toward
The two modes of the paths in the reaction of oxiranes with phenols are completely controlled by CsF. Glycidyl nosylate undergoes exclusive substitution at the C-1 position whereas the ring-opening (C-3 attack) occurs with epichlorohydrin, glycidol, and 1,2-epoxyalkanes. These reactions provide convenient access to enantiopure beta-blockers. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.