Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Reticulocyte 12/15-Lipoxygenase as Anti-Stroke Therapies
摘要:
A key challenge facing drug discovery today is variability of the drug target between species, such as with 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), which contributes to ischemic brain injury, but its human and rodent isozymes have different inhibitor specificities. In the current work, we have utilized a quantitative high-throughput (qHTS) screen to identify compound 1 (ML351), a novel chemotype for 12/15-LOX inhibition that has nanomolar potency (IC50 = 200 nM) against human 12/15-LOX and is protective against oxidative glutamate toxicity in mouse neuronal HT22 cells. In addition, it exhibited greater than 250-fold selectivity versus related LOX isozymes, was a mixed inhibitor, and did not reduce the active-site ferric ion. Lastly, 1 significantly reduced infarct size following permanent focal ischemia in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. As such, this represents the first report of a selective inhibitor of human 12/15-LOX with demonstrated in vivo activity in proof-of-concept mouse models of stroke.
Microwave-mediated synthesis and manipulation of a 2-substituted-5-aminooxazole-4-carbonitrile library
摘要:
A 2-substituted-5-aminooxazole-4-carbonitrile library has been synthesised and modified via microwave-mediated and flow chemistries. One synthesised compound, 5-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-(thien-2-yl)oxazole, contains three distinct heterocycles attached to the central oxazole core, highlighting the structural diversity of this approach. Three oxazoles had micromolar k(i) values against cannabinoid (CB1/CB2) receptors. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The synthesis of 2-substituted 5-amino-4-cyano-1,3-oxazoles (1-4, 611) and the Friedlander-type reaction of compounds 1, 3, 4 is described. Compounds 13-17 are tacrine (18) analogues provided by the Friedlander reaction. The anti-cholinesterase activity of compounds 13, 14, 16 and 17 has been investigated.