Identification of a novel conformationally constrained glucagon receptor antagonist
摘要:
Identification of orally active, small molecule antagonists of the glucagon receptor represents a novel treatment paradigm for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present work discloses novel glucagon receptor antagonists, identified via conformational constraint of current existing literature antagonists. Optimization of lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE or LipE) culminated in enantiomers (+)-trans-26 and (-)-trans-27 which exhibit good physicochemical and in vitro drug metabolism profiles. In vivo, significant pharmacokinetic differences were noted with the two enantiomers, which were primarily driven through differences in clearance rates. Enantioselective oxidation by cytochrome P450 was ruled out as a causative factor for pharmacokinetic differences. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Improving the throughput of batch photochemical reactions using flow: Dual photoredox and nickel catalysis in flow for C(sp2)<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext /></mml:mrow></mml:math>C(sp3) cross-coupling
作者:Irini Abdiaj、Jesús Alcázar
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.041
日期:2017.12
We report herein the transfer of dual photoredox and nickel catalysis for C(sp2)C(sp3) cross coupling form batch to flow. This new procedure clearly improves the scalability of the previous batch reaction by the reactor’s size and operating time reduction, and allows the preparation of interesting compounds for drug discovery in multigram amounts.
Heterogeneous Titania-Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis: Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Carboxylic Acids with Aryl Iodides
作者:Christopher D. McTiernan、Xavier Leblanc、Juan C. Scaiano
DOI:10.1021/acscatal.6b03687
日期:2017.3.3
The efficient, mild, and semiheterogeneous decarboxylative cross-coupling of a variety alkyl carboxylic acids with aryliodides has been accomplished through a merger of TiO2 photoredox and nickel cross-coupling chemistries. The protocol is tolerant to a wide range of substituted aryliodides and alkyl carboxylic acids. Through replacement of the commonly employed Ir transition-metal complexes with
各种烷基羧酸与芳基碘化物的高效,温和和半均质的脱羧交叉偶联已经通过TiO 2光还原和镍交叉偶联化学的结合来实现。该方案可耐受多种取代的芳基碘化物和烷基羧酸。通过用P25 TiO 2作为光催化剂代替常用的Ir过渡金属配合物,我们表明这些转变可以被异质化,而对这些转变的效率几乎没有影响,同时由于可重复使用性和可回收性而降低了相关成本。 TiO 2光催化剂的廉价性质。
easily accessible, and efficient metal-free photoredox catalysts for organic synthesis. By changing the number and position of carbazolyl and cyano groups on the center benzene ring, CDCBs with a wide range of photoredox potentials are obtained to effectively drive the energetically demanding C(sp3)–C(sp2) cross-coupling of carboxylic acids and alkyltrifluoroborates with aryl halides via a photoredox/Ni
Effects of Molecular Oxygen, Solvent, and Light on Iridium-Photoredox/Nickel Dual-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions
作者:Martins S. Oderinde、Adrian Varela-Alvarez、Brian Aquila、Daniel W. Robbins、Jeffrey W. Johannes
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.5b01193
日期:2015.8.7
with Ni(COD)2 in the same reaction system. O2 is believed to promote rapid reduction of the Ni(II) precatalyst by Ir(II) to Ni(0). In addition to O2, the effects that solvent and light-source have on the dual-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-couplingreactions will be discussed. These findings have enabled us to develop a more robust dual-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling protocol.