Structural determinants for histamine H1 affinity, hERG affinity and QTc prolongation in a series of terfenadine analogs
摘要:
In the late 1980's reports linking the non-sedating antihistamines terfenadine and astemizole with torsades de pointes, a form of ventricular tachyarrhythmia that can degenerate into ventricular fibrillation and sudden death, appeared in the clinical literature. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that the arrhythmogenic effect of these cardiotoxic antihistamines, as well as a number of structurally related compounds, results from prolongation of the QT interval due to suppression of specific delayed rectifier ventricular K+ currents via blockade of the hERG-IKr channel. In order to better understand the structural requirements for hERG and H-1 binding for terfenadine, a series of analogs of terfenadine has been prepared and studied in both in vitro and in vivo hERG and H-1 assays. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Samarium(II)-Promoted Radical Spirocyclization onto an Aromatic Ring
摘要:
Samarium(II)-mediated spirocyclization onto an aromatic ring was achieved by the reaction of methyl 4-(4-oxoalkyl)benzoates with SmI2 in the presence of i-PrOH and HMPA, yielding methyl 1-alkyl-1-hydroxyspiro[4.5]dec-6-ene-8-carboxylates in moderate to high yields. Utilizing this chemistry, spiro[3.5] and -[5.5] systems, and sterically congested spiro[4.5] systems, were easily synthesized. For the successful conversion, appropriate activation of the aromatic ring has proven to be extremely important: while an ester or amide functionality on the aromatic ring can promote the spirocyclization, a sulfonamide substituent causes ortho cyclization.
Biologically active acylated amino acid derivatives
申请人:Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
公开号:US05723459A1
公开(公告)日:1998-03-03
The present invention relates to novel compounds which possess a broad range of useful biological activities. These compounds can maintain, increase, or restore sensitivity of cells to therapeutic or prophylactic agents. They can also suppress, modify, or significantly reduce an immune response, including an autoimmune response in a mammal. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are particularly well-suited for treatment of multi-drug resistant cells, for prevention of the development of multi-drug resistance, for use in multi-drug resistant cancer therapy, and for prevention or treatment of graft rejection and various autoimmune diseases.
Samarium(II)-mediated spirocyclization onto an aromatic ring was achieved by the reaction of methyl 4-(4-oxoalkyl)benzoates with SmI2 in the presence of i-PrOH and HMPA, yielding methyl 1-alkyl-1-hydroxyspiro[4.5]dec-6-ene-8-carboxylates in moderate to high yields. Utilizing this chemistry, spiro[3.5] and -[5.5] systems, and sterically congested spiro[4.5] systems, were easily synthesized. For the successful conversion, appropriate activation of the aromatic ring has proven to be extremely important: while an ester or amide functionality on the aromatic ring can promote the spirocyclization, a sulfonamide substituent causes ortho cyclization.
Structural determinants for histamine H1 affinity, hERG affinity and QTc prolongation in a series of terfenadine analogs
作者:Robert Aslanian、John J. Piwinski、Xiaohong Zhu、Tony Priestley、Steve Sorota、Xiao-Yi Du、Xue-Song Zhang、Robbie L. McLeod、Robert E. West、Shirley M. Williams、John A. Hey
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.047
日期:2009.9
In the late 1980's reports linking the non-sedating antihistamines terfenadine and astemizole with torsades de pointes, a form of ventricular tachyarrhythmia that can degenerate into ventricular fibrillation and sudden death, appeared in the clinical literature. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that the arrhythmogenic effect of these cardiotoxic antihistamines, as well as a number of structurally related compounds, results from prolongation of the QT interval due to suppression of specific delayed rectifier ventricular K+ currents via blockade of the hERG-IKr channel. In order to better understand the structural requirements for hERG and H-1 binding for terfenadine, a series of analogs of terfenadine has been prepared and studied in both in vitro and in vivo hERG and H-1 assays. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.