Reduction of α-hydroxy ketones with zinc horohydride afforded the -glycols in high stereoselectivity, while reduction of their α-(t-butyldiphenylsily)oxy derivatives with sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride gave the isomeric . The structure-stereoselectivity relationship has been discussed.
stearothermophilus (TKgst) was successfully engineered for the synthesis of aliphatic acyloins with varying carbon backbone lengths (C5−C10) based on protein structure‐guided studies. Efficient TKgst variants were identified with enhanced activities for substrate combinations of aliphatic aldehydes as acceptors together with aliphatic pyruvate homologues as donors. The TKgst single variant L382F was
Methods, enzymes, recombinant microorganism, and microbial systems are provided for converting polysaccharides, such as those derived from biomass, into suitable monosaccharides or oligosaccharides, as well as for converting suitable monosaccharides or oligosaccharides into commodity chemicals, such as biofuels. Commodity chemicals produced by the methods described herein are also provided. Commodity chemical enriched, refinery-produced petroleum products are also provided, as well as methods for producing the same.
A multi-stage synthesis is effective for preparing 1-olefins from aldehydes. The aldehyde is condensed with acetone to form an &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated ketone. The unsaturated ketone is hydrogenated to yield a saturated alcohol. By dehydrating the saturated alcohol a 1-olefin is obtained. The olefin can be isolated in high yield and purified.