STUDIES WITH STREPTOZOTOCIN LABELLED WITH (14)C IN DIFFERENT POSITIONS INDICATE THAT ITS RAPID METABOLISM IN RAT ... RESULTS IN METABOLITE DERIVED FROM METHYL BEARING NITROSOUREIDO SIDECHAIN. /SRP: DIAZOMETHANE/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在老鼠尿液中检测到五种尿液代谢物；其中两种是抗生素的α和β-异构体。
/IN MICE URINE/ FIVE URINARY METABOLITES WERE DETECTED; 2 OF THEM WERE THE ALPHA AND BETA-ANOMERS OF THE ANTIBIOTIC.
Streptozocin and metabolites have a short distribution phase (t1/2 6 min) followed by possibly two elimination phases representing active metabolites (t1/2 beta 3.5 hr, t1/2 gamma 40 hr).
Streptozocin is not orally active. After intravenous administration, it is rapidly cleared from plasma and is undetectable after three hours. Metabolites are detected in plasma for up to 24 hours. The drug concentrates in certain tissues; the liver and kidneys contain the highest levels, and pancreas also concentrates streptozocin. Parent drug and metabolites are eliminated rapidly by the kidney; 60% to 70% of a dose is recovered in urine within four hours. Only 10% to 20% of an excreted dose is parent drug.
Serum aminotransferase elevations occur in up to two-thirds of patients treated with streptozocin, but the abnormalities are generally mild, transient and not associated with symptoms or jaundice. Hepatotoxicity is more common with daily dosing and high doses of streptozocin, but with higher doses renal and hematologic toxicities usually overshadow hepatic injury. There have been two reports of rapidly progressive and fatal acute liver failure in patients treated with streptozocin. In one instance, no other chemotherapy was given, in another fluorouracil was coadministered and the patient presented with fever, anuria, acute hepatitis [ALT 1280, bilirubin 11.9, prothrombin index 10%, eosinophils 2600/ µL] at the end of a 5 day course of treatment. In contrast, there have been no individual published case reports of self-limited clinically apparent liver injury attributed to streptozocin, but it has had limited use, as pancreatic islet cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors are rare.
The Human Health Assessment Group in EPA's Office of Health and Environmental Assessment has evaluated streptozotocin for carcinogenicity. According to their analysis, the weight-of-evidence for streptozotocin is group B2, which is based on sufficient evidence in animals. No data are available in humans. As a group B2 chemical, streptozotocin is considered probably carcinogenic to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
没有关于人类的数据。动物中有充分的致癌性证据。总体评估：2B组：该物质可能对人类有致癌性。
No data are available in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
IN ALL THESE SPECIES /MICE, RATS, CATS, MONKEYS & DOGS/ STR /STREPTOZOTOCIN/ GIVEN PARENTERALLY ... MARKEDLY CONCENTRATED IN LIVER & KIDNEY; FOR EXAMPLE, IN DOGS ... RETAINED IN LIVER FOR MANY HR AFTER ... NO LONGER ... DETECTED IN BLOOD .
STREPTOZOTOCIN (NSC-85998) WAS RAPIDLY EXCRETED IN URINE OF TREATED MICE; 72% OF AN INJECTED DOSE IN THE 4-HR URINE. FIVE URINARY METABOLITES WERE DETECTED ... .
Following intraperitoneal or IV administration of streptozocin in animals, the drug and its metabolites are rapidly distributed mainly into the liver, kidneys, intestine, and pancreas, with lower concentrations being distributed into skeletal muscle, spleen, lungs, heart, and thymus. Concentrations of the drug or its metabolites in the liver, kidneys, intestine, and pancreas are consistently higher than those in plasma. Streptozocin does not appear to cross the blood-brain barrier in animals or humans; however, in humans, metabolites of streptozocin readily distribute into CSF. ... The drug readily crosses the placenta in monkeys.
Selective Modification of Streptozotocin at the C3 Position to Improve Its Bioactivity as Antibiotic and Reduce Its Cytotoxicity towards Insulin-Producing β Cells
作者：Ji Zhang、Liubov Yakovlieva、Bart J. de Haan、Paul de Vos、Adriaan J. Minnaard、Martin D. Witte、Marthe T. C. Walvoort
DOI：10.3390/antibiotics9040182
日期：——
resistance of bacteria to current antibiotics, novel compounds are urgently needed to treat bacterial infections. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a natural product that has broad-spectrumantibiotic activity, albeit with limited use because of its toxicity to pancreatic β cells. In an attempt to derivatize STZ through structural modification at the C3 position, we performed the synthesis of three novel STZ analogues
[EN] BETA-GLUGURONIDASE CLEAVABLE PRODRUGS OF O6-ALKYLGUANINE-DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE INACTIVATORS<br/>[FR] PROMEDICAMENTS A BASE D'AGENTS D'INACTIVATION DE L'O6-ALKYLGUANINE-ADN ALKYLTRANSFERASE, CLIVABLES PAR LA BETA-GLUCURONIDASE
申请人：US GOV HEALTH & HUMAN SERV
公开号：WO2006029065A1
公开（公告）日：2006-03-16
Disclosed are prodrugs of inactivators of 06-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). The prodrugs are cleavable by the (3-glucuronidase enzyme, which is either administered to the patient or produced by necrotic tumor cells. The prodrugs are represented by the formula A-B-C, wherein A is a glucuronosyl residue linked through its 1-oxygen to the phenyl ring of B; B is a benzyloxycarbonyl group, optionally ring substituted with one or more electron withdrawing groups; and C is an inactivator of AGT, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted 06-benzylguanine or 06-benzyl-2'-deoxyguanosine. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a prodrug and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and a method of use of the prodrugs in enhancing the chemotherapeutic treatment of tumor cells in a mammal, e.g., a human, with an antineoplastic alkylating agent that causes cytotoxic lesions at the 06-position of guanine.
[EN] 2-AMINO-O4-SUBSTITUTED PTERIDINES AND THEIR USE AS INACTIVATORS OF O6-ALKYLGUANINE-DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE<br/>[FR] PTERIDINES A SUBSTITUTION 2-AMINO-O4-ET LEUR UTILISATION COMME INACTIVEURS DE LA O6-ALKYLGUANINE-ADN ALKYLTRANSFERASE
申请人：US GOV HEALTH & HUMAN SERV
公开号：WO2005068465A1
公开（公告）日：2005-07-28
Disclosed are pteridine derivatives of formula (I): (I), wherein, for example, R1 and R2 are hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, carboxyl, formyl, C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6 carboxyalkyl, C1-C6 formyl alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, acyloxy, acyloxyalkyl wherein the alkyl is C1-C6, halogen, or hydroxy, or a group of formula II: (II); and R3 is (a) phenyl or (b) a cyclic group having at least one 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally with a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring fused thereto, wherein each heterocyclic ring has at least one hetero atom chosen from O, N, or S; or (c) a phenyl group or a cyclic group, the cyclic group optionally with a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring fused thereto, which is substituted with 1 to 5 substituents. Disclosed also are pharmaceutical compositions, a method of enhancing the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of cancer treatment agents, a method of deactivating the O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase enzyme, and a method of inhibiting the reaction of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase enzyme with an alkylated DNA.
INACTIVATORS OF O6-ALKYLGUANINE-DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE
申请人：Moschel Robert C.
公开号：US20100204172A1
公开（公告）日：2010-08-12
Disclosed are compounds that are AGT inactivators that include a folate residue, e.g., a compound of formula (I), wherein X
1
, X
2
, R
1
, and R
2
are as described herein. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also disclosed are methods of enhancing the chemotherapeutic treatment of tumor cells and inactivating AGT in a tumor cell. The methods comprise, inter alia, administering a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of formula (I).
申请人：The Government of the United States of America, Department of Health and Human Services
公开号：US20020013299A1
公开（公告）日：2002-01-31
The present invention provides AGT inactivating compounds such as substituted O
6
-benzylguanines of the formula
1
7- or 9-substituted 8-aza-O
6
-benzylguanines, 7,8-disubstituted O
6
-benzylguanines, 7,9-disubstituted O
6
-benzylguanines, 4(6)-substituted 2-amino-5-nitro-6 (4) -benzyloxypyrimidines, and 4 (6) -substituted 2-amino-5-nitroso-6(4)-benzyloxypyrimidines, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds along with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention further provides a method of enhancing the chemotherapeutic treatment of tumor cells in a mammal with an antineoplastic alkylating agent, which causes cytotoxic lesions at the O
6
-position of guanine, by administering to a mammal an effective amount of one of the aforesaid compounds, 2,4-diamino-6-benzyloxy-s-triazine, 5-substituted 2,4-diamino-6-benzyloxypyrimidines, or 8-aza-O
6
-benzylguanine, and administering to the mammal an effective amount of an antineoplastic alkylating agent which causes cytotoxic lesions at the Deposition of guanine.
